ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2011
The role of gut microbiota (commensal bacteria) and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer: contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 325 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
325 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 680 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between thyroid and human-associated microbiota: A systematic review of reviews.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Pooled it
- WORKbiota: A Systematic Review about the Effects of Occupational Exposure on Microbiota and Workers' Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of probiotic adjuvant therapy for irritable bowel syndrome in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Gut Microbiota Profile in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Based on 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing: A Systematic Review.Disease markers · 2020Pooled it
- Is a Non-Caloric Sweetener-Free Diet Good to Treat Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder Symptoms? A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Colonisation of the colonic mucus gel layer with butyrogenic and hydrogenotropic bacteria in health and ulcerative colitis.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Characteristics of gut microbiota structure and composition in diabetic patients from the Chaoshan region of China.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Article
- Czechoslovak/Prague School of Immunology.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Gnotobiology: from 19th-century global foundations to 21st-century omics - six decades of Czech contribution to microbiome research.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Dietary Fiber Levels Modulate Intestinal Mucosal Architecture and the Microbiome-Metabolome Axis to Support Immune Homeostasis in Brooding Wanxi White Geese.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Gnotobiotic mouse models as tools for dissecting the role of the microbiota in allergy: contributions from the laboratory of gnotobiology in Nový Hrádek.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Microbiome-Based Clustering Identifies Glycemic Control-Related Subtypes in Youth With Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.MedComm · 2026Article
- Article
- Demystifying the role of postbiotics in inflammation mediated metabolic disorders: an updated review.Food science and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum upregulation of intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier is mediated by TLR-2/TLR-6 receptor complex activation of occludin gene.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Advancing the study of microbial symbionts of amphibians and reptiles.Frontiers in amphibian and reptile science · 2026Article
- Ocrelizumab transiently alters microbiota and modulates immune response depending on treatment outcome.iScience · 2025Article
- Modulation of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Germ-Free Mice byMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Synergy between culturomics and metagenomics of health status-associated gut bacteria originating from non-IBD and IBD populations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gut-larynx axis and its contribution to laryngeal immunity.mSystems · 2025Article
265 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metagenomic approaches are currently being used to decipher the genome of the microbiota (microbiome), and, in parallel, functional studies are being performed to analyze the effects of the microbiota on the host. Gnotobiological methods are an indispensable tool for studying the consequences of bacterial colonization. Animals used as models of human diseases can be maintained in sterile conditions (isolators used for germ-free rearing) and specifically colonized with defined microbes (including non-cultivable commensal bacteria). The effects of the germ-free state or the effects of colonization on disease initiation and maintenance can be observed in these models. Using this approach we demonstrated direct involvement of components of the microbiota in chronic intestinal inflammation and development of colonic neoplasia (i.e., using models of human inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma). In contrast, a protective effect of microbiota colonization was demonstrated for the development of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Interestingly, the development of atherosclerosis in germ-free apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice fed by a standard low-cholesterol diet is accelerated compared with conventionally reared animals. Mucosal induction of tolerance to allergen Bet v1 was not influenced by the presence or absence of microbiota. Identification of components of the microbiota and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of their action in inducing pathological changes or exerting beneficial, disease-protective activities could aid in our ability to influence the composition of the microbiota and to find bacterial strains and components (e.g., probiotics and prebiotics) whose administration may aid in disease prevention and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.