Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21276787›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental biology2011

Zebrafish retinoic acid receptors function as context-dependent transcriptional activators.

Joshua S Waxman, Deborah Yelon

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
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  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Hindbrain induction and patterning during early vertebrate development.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2019
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
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  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Retinoic Acid Signaling Coordinates Macrophage-Dependent Injury and Repair after AKI.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2016
    Article
  18. Visualizing retinoic acid morphogen gradients.Methods in cell biology · 2016
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Joshua S WaxmanDevelopmental Genetics Program and Department of Cell Biology, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
Deborah Yelon
New York University · US

Funding

Genetic Regulation of Cardiac Patterning in ZebrafishR01HL069594 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI YELON, DEBORAH · 2002 to 2015
$4.0M
Elucidation of molecular networks required to limit cardiac cell numberR00HL091126 · NHLBI · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI WAXMAN, JOSHUA · 2010 to 2012
$747k
Elucidation of molecular networks required to limit cardiac cell numberK99HL091126 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI WAXMAN, JOSHUA · 2008 to 2009
$173k
Retinoic Acid Signaling and Cardiac Cell DifferentiationF32HL083591 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI WAXMAN, JOSHUA · 2006 to 2007
$95k
NHLBI NIH HHS F32 HL083591NHLBI NIH HHS K99 HL091126NHLBI NIH HHS R00 HL091126NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL069594
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RA receptors (RARs) have been thought to function through a binary repressor-activator mechanism: in the absence of ligand, they function as transcriptional repressors, and, in the presence of ligand, they function as transcriptional activators. This prevailing model of RAR mechanism has been derived mostly from in vitro studies and has not been widely tested in developmental contexts. Here, we investigate whether zebrafish RARs function as transcriptional activators or repressors during early embryonic anterior-posterior patterning. Ectopic expression of wild-type zebrafish RARs does not disrupt embryonic patterning and does not sensitize embryos to RA treatment, indicating that RAR availability is not limiting in the embryo. In contrast, ectopic expression of hyperactive zebrafish RARs induces expression of a RA-responsive reporter transgene as well as ectopic expression of endogenous RA-responsive target genes. However, ectopic expression of dominant negative zebrafish RARs fails to induce embryonic phenotypes that are consistent with loss of RA signaling, despite their ability to function as transcriptional repressors in heterologous cell culture assays. Together, our studies suggest that zebrafish RAR function is context-dependent and that, during early patterning, zebrafish RARs function primarily as transcriptional activators and may only have minimal ability to act as transcriptional repressors. Thus, it seems that the binary model for RAR function does not apply to all in vivo scenarios. Taking into account studies of RA signaling in tunicates and tetrapods, we propose a parsimonious model of the evolution of RAR function during chordate anterior-posterior patterning.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedEmbryo, NonmammalianGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGenes, DominantGenes, ReporterHEK293 CellsHerpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65HumansReceptors, Retinoic AcidRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRNA, MessengerSignal TransductionTrans-ActivatorsTretinoinZebrafishHerpes Simplex Virus Protein Vmw65Receptors, Retinoic AcidRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRNA, MessengerTrans-ActivatorsTretinoin

Identifiers

PMID21276787
PMCPMC3207040
OpenAlexW2162576327

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.