ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2011
Pharmacological cholinergic blockade stimulates inflammatory cytokine production and lymphocytic infiltration in the mouse lacrimal gland.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ursolic acid ameliorates ocular surface dysfunction in dry eye via targeting EGFR/RAS/RAF/MAP2K1/MAPK1 pathway.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Article
- Single-Nuclei Characterization of Lacrimal Gland in Scopolamine-Induced Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Aim2 Deficiency Ameliorates Lacrimal Gland Destruction and Corneal Epithelium Defects in an Experimental Dry Eye Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging.The ocular surface · 2021Review
- Cholinergic System and Its Therapeutic Importance in Inflammation and Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Disease-Specific Expression of Conjunctiva Associated Lymphoid Tissue (CALT) in Mouse Models of Dry Eye Disease and Ocular Allergy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Development of lacrimal gland inflammation in the mouse model of herpes stromal keratitis.Experimental eye research · 2019Article
- Rebamipide ophthalmic solution modulates the ratio of T helper cell 17/regulatory T cells in dry eye disease mice.Molecular medicine reports · 2019Article
- Age-related Autoimmune Changes in Lacrimal Glands.Immune network · 2019Review
- Protective role of commensal bacteria in Sjögren Syndrome.Journal of autoimmunity · 2018Article
- Age-related spontaneous lacrimal keratoconjunctivitis is accompanied by dysfunctional T regulatory cells.Mucosal immunology · 2017Article
- Dry eye and corneal langerhans cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.Journal of ophthalmology · 2015Article
- Dynamic ocular surface and lacrimal gland changes induced in experimental murine dry eye.PloS one · 2015Article
- Ocular surface disease and dacryoadenitis in aging C57BL/6 mice.The American journal of pathology · 2014Article
- T helper cytokines in dry eye disease.Experimental eye research · 2013Review
- Effect of desiccating environmental stress versus systemic muscarinic AChR blockade on dry eye immunopathogenesis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2013Article
- Surfactant protein D contributes to ocular defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a murine model of dry eye disease.PloS one · 2013Article
- Change in prostaglandin expression levels and synthesizing activities in dry eye disease.Ophthalmology · 2012Article
- Deletion of interferon-γ delays onset and severity of dacryoadenitis in CD25KO mice.Arthritis research & therapy · 2012Article
- Oxidative stress induced inflammation initiates functional decline of tear production.PloS one · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the effects of cholinergic blockade on inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine production in the mouse lacrimal gland (LG).
methodsC57BL/6 mice were untreated (UT) or received subcutaneous injections of either scopolamine hydrobromide (SCOP; 0.5 mg/0.2 mL) or saline (SAL) four times daily for 2 or 5 days (2D, 5D). This was followed by a 7-day rest period in separate groups. Tear volume (cotton thread) and tear epidermal growth factor (EGF, by ELISA) concentrations were measured. Extraorbital LGs were surgically excised and sectioned or lysed for gene expression analysis. Immunohistochemistry evaluated immunophenotype of infiltrating cells. Expression of EGF and T helper (Th)-1, -2, and -17-associated cytokines in LGs was evaluated by real-time PCR. Goblet cell density was evaluated in periodic acid Schiff-stained conjunctival sections.
resultsTear volume and EGF protein levels were significantly reduced in SCOP5D mice compared with controls, indicating that cholinergic blockade decreased LG secretory function. LGs of SCOP2D and SCOP5D mice showed an increased density of CD4(+), CD11c+, CD11b+, and myeloperoxidase+ cells compared with UT controls. At day 5, these cells were significantly elevated compared with SAL-treated counterparts. Elevated levels of IL-17A, IL-17R, IFN-γ, IL-12Rβ1, IL-2, IL-13, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α transcripts were noted in SCOP2D mice and IFN-γ, TGF-β1, and IL-18R transcripts in SCOP5D mice.
conclusionsPharmacological blockade of lacrimal secretion induced a significant CD4(+) infiltration in the LG, mimicking Sjögren's syndrome. The mRNA expression profile revealed elevations of a mix of inflammatory cytokines and Th-1-associated factors.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.