ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2011
Rapid pneumococcal evolution in response to clinical interventions.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 589 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
589 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 904 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Emerging and Underdetected Colonization Factors in EnterotoxigenicMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence-Guided Phenotypic Drug Repurposing Against Streptococcus pneumoniae.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Escherichia coli capsules enjoy a genomic revival.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- DiagnoDating: diagnostics for dated phylogenies in microbial population genetics.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Integrated conjugative elements drive the formation of pandemic clones of Escherichia coli with hybrid chromosomes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Rare variable M. tuberculosis antigens induce predominant Th17 responses in human infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Unwelcome neighbours: Tracking the transmission of Streptococcus equi in the United Kingdom horse population.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Genomic analysis of the genetic background underlying Streptococcus pneumoniae beta-lactam nonsusceptibility in central Vietnam: increased beta-lactam nonsusceptibility and dynamics of the pbp2x gene.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Candidate Vaccine Targets and Genomic Features of Pediatric Invasive Streptococcus Agalactiae in Japan.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Comprehensive genomics, systems, and structural assessment for novel target identification in penicillin-resistantFrontiers in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Article
- Genomic epidemiology ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Development of a Serotyping Scheme for Streptococcus pasteurianus: An Underreported Zoonotic Pathogen.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and antimicrobial resistance: serotype replacement, clonal dynamics, and future vaccine perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Lineage structure and penicillin-binding protein variability in clinicalFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Change in the distribution ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Hybridization breaks species barriers in long-term coevolution of a cyanobacterial population.eLife · 2025Article
- Pneumolysin-dependent and independent non-canonical autophagy processes mediate host defense against pneumococcal infection.Autophagy · 2025Article
- A tripartite protein complex promotes DNA transport during natural transformation in Firmicutes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
529 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
23 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of the naturally transformable bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae have previously been confounded by high rates of recombination. Sequencing 240 isolates of the PMEN1 (Spain(23F)-1) multidrug-resistant lineage enabled base substitutions to be distinguished from polymorphisms arising through horizontal sequence transfer. More than 700 recombinations were detected, with genes encoding major antigens frequently affected. Among these were 10 capsule-switching events, one of which accompanied a population shift as vaccine-escape serotype 19A isolates emerged in the USA after the introduction of the conjugate polysaccharide vaccine. The evolution of resistance to fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, and macrolides was observed to occur on multiple occasions. This study details how genomic plasticity within lineages of recombinogenic bacteria can permit adaptation to clinical interventions over remarkably short time scales.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.