Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2011
Effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and in combination with pioglitazone on body weight, composition, distribution and liver fat content in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pioglitazone for NAFLD Patients With Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of Exenatide and Humalog Mix25 on Fat Distribution, Insulin Sensitivity, andJournal of diabetes research · 2020Trial
- Effects of Blood-Glucose Lowering Therapies on Body Composition and Muscle Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- White adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes and the effect of antidiabetic drugs.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Nuclear Receptor-Targeted Therapy for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology · 2025Article
- Combination Therapies for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Effectiveness of drug interventions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A network meta-analysis.World journal of diabetes · 2021Article
- Different Indicators of Adiposity and Fat Distribution and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2021Article
- Article
- Body composition changes in diabetes and aging.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2019Review
- Diabetes pharmacotherapy and effects on the musculoskeletal system.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2019Review
- Antidiabetic Drugs in NAFLD: The Accomplishment of Two Goals at Once?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Comparison of non-insulin antidiabetic agents as an add-on drug to insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Xiexin Tang improves the symptom of type 2 diabetic rats by modulation of the gut microbiota.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Effects of exenatide versus insulin glargine on body composition in overweight and obese T2DM patients: a randomized controlled trial.Nutrition & metabolism · 2018Article
- A Pilot Comparative Study of Quantitative Ultrasound, Conventional Ultrasound, and MRI for Predicting Histology-Determined Steatosis Grade in Adult Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.AJR. American journal of roentgenology · 2017Article
- Effects of pioglitazone therapy on blood parameters, weight and BMI: a meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2017Review
- Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose-lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2 diabetes already on insulin therapy and inadequate glycaemic control.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Review
- Common Medications Which Lead to Unintended Alterations in Weight Gain or Organ Lipotoxicity.Current gastroenterology reports · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo evaluate the effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and with added pioglitazone on body weight, fat distribution, lean body mass (LBM) and liver fat in type 2 diabetic patients.
methodsTwenty-five insulin-treated, obese patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to addition of pioglitazone 45 mg (n = 12) or placebo (n = 13) and treated intensively for 12-16 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry/abdominal computed tomography scans were performed before/after treatment. LBM, visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT) and liver/spleen (L/S) attenuation ratios were measured pre-/posttreatment (a ratio <1 represents fatty liver).
resultsIntensive insulin alone and insulin + pioglitazone significantly improved glycaemic control (7.8 ± 0.3 to 7.2 ± 0.3% and 7.6 ± 0.3 to 7.1 ± 0.4%, respectively). Body weight gain was greater with insulin + pioglitazone (4.9 ± 4.5 kg) versus insulin therapy alone (1.7 ± 0.7 kg). SAT increased significantly with pioglitazone + insulin therapy (393.9 ± 48.5 to 443.2 ± 56.7 cm(2) , p < 0.01) compared to a non-significant increase with insulin therapy alone (412.9 ± 42.5 to 420.8 ± 43.8 cm(2) ). VAT decreased non-significantly in both groups (240.3 ± 41.7 to 223.8 ± 38.1 cm(2) with insulin + pioglitazone and 266.6 ± 27.4 to 250.5 ± 22.2 cm(2) with insulin therapy). LBM increased significantly by 1.92 ± 0.74 kg with insulin + pioglitazone treatment. The L/S attenuation ratio in the placebo + insulin group decreased from 1.08 ± 0.1 to 1.04 ± 0.1 (p = ns) and increased from 1.00 ± 0.1 to 1.08 ± 0.05 (p = 0.06) in the pioglitazone + insulin group.
conclusionsIntensification of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients causes modest weight gain and no change in body fat distribution, LBM or liver fat. In contrast, the addition of pioglitazone, at equivalent glycaemia, increases weight gain, fat mass and SAT; increases LBM and tends to decrease liver fat. These changes in fat distribution may contribute to the beneficial effects of pioglitazone, despite greater weight gain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.