ReviewBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2011
Understanding the time course of pharmacological effect: a PKPD approach.
Review in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- An Exploratory Phase IIa Study of the PPAR delta/gamma Agonist T3D-959 Assessing Metabolic and Cognitive Function in Subjects with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Trial
- Effects of idazoxan on alcohol pharmacokinetics and intoxication: a preliminary human laboratory study.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2015Trial
- Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the effect of varenicline on nicotine craving in adult smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Trial
- Drug Brand Switching: A Regulatory Perspective.Drug safety · 2026Review
- PK-Informed Microphysiological Systems: From Dynamic Dosing to Quantitative In Vitro-In Vivo Translation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Pyrene Induced Cardiotoxicity Using Dual-Cardiotoxicity Evaluation Method.International journal of stem cells · 2026Article
- From cell lines to PDXs: in vivo confirmation of synergistic drug responses identified in leukemia cell line models.Blood neoplasia · 2026Article
- Differential Impact of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Variability on Response to Combination Therapy.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Patient Experience with 10 mg Intranasally Administered Zavegepant as an Acute Treatment of Migraine Attacks: Qualitative Research Findings.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Comment on "The Importance of Structured Expert Elicitation to Inform Outcomes Following Treatment Discontinuation: Evidence Assessment Group Perspective".PharmacoEconomics · 2026Article
- Article
- The therapeutic effects ofGut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- In Vitro Models to Compare the Duration of Action of New Therapeutic Scaffolds and Drug Eluting Medical Devices.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Efficacy ofJournal of rheumatic diseases · 2025Article
- Translational pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for mRNA-0184, an investigational therapeutic for the treatment of heart failure.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Review
- An individualized digital twin of a patient for transdermal fentanyl therapy for chronic pain management.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Article
- Review
- A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetic Differences between Asian and Non-Asian Adult Populations.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The key concepts that underpin the choice of drug and dosing regimen are an understanding of the drugs' effectiveness, the potential for adverse effects, and the expected time course over which both desired and adverse effects are likely to occur. Research in clinical pharmacology should therefore address three fundamental questions: (1) What is the magnitude of drug effects (beneficial or adverse) from a given dose? (2) How quickly will any given effects occur? (3) How long will these effects last? Under steady-state conditions, only the magnitude of drug effects can be examined. This requires researchers to consider non-steady-state conditions, which require more complex models and an understanding of the mechanisms that drive the time course of drug effect. The aim of this review is to provide a conceptual framework for understanding the time course of drug effects using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models. Key examples will illustrate how this can inform the optimal use of drugs in the clinic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.