ArticleNature2011
Comparative and demographic analysis of orang-utan genomes.
Article in Nature, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 278 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
278 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characterization of immunoglobulin loci inNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Germline sequence variation within the ribosomal DNA is associated with human complex traits.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Continuous and prolonged breastfeeding in wild Bornean orangutans verified with fecal proteomics.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Inferring Patterns of Purifying, Positive, and Balancing Selection in the Coppery Titi Monkey (Plecturocebus cupreus) Utilizing a Well-Fit Evolutionary Baseline Model.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- A segmental duplication-mediated deletion leads to neocentromere formation in orangutans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Selecting a Window Size for Phylogenomic Analyses of Whole Genome Alignments Using AIC.Systematic biology · 2026Article
- GenCore: Genomic distance estimation using Locally Consistent Parsing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Insights into natural neocentromere evolution from a cattle T2T X chromosome.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A curated dataset of great ape genome diversity.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Comparative Analyses of Four Reference Genomes Reveal Exceptional Diversity and Weak Linked Selection in the Yellow Monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) Complex.Molecular ecology resources · 2025Article
- Article
- Genomics Reveals Distinct Evolutionary Lineages in Asian Elephants.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- A whole-genome scan for evidence of positive and balancing selection in aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis) utilizing a well-fit evolutionary baseline model.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Decoding DNA sequence-driven evolution of the human brain epigenome at cellular resolution.Nature communications · 2025Article
- CENP-A and centromere evolution in equids.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2025Review
- Complete sequencing of ape genomes.Nature · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Primate Phenotypes: A Multi-Institution Collection of 3D Morphological Data Housed in MorphoSource.Scientific data · 2024Article
218 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
101 authors.
Funding
Abstract
'Orang-utan' is derived from a Malay term meaning 'man of the forest' and aptly describes the southeast Asian great apes native to Sumatra and Borneo. The orang-utan species, Pongo abelii (Sumatran) and Pongo pygmaeus (Bornean), are the most phylogenetically distant great apes from humans, thereby providing an informative perspective on hominid evolution. Here we present a Sumatran orang-utan draft genome assembly and short read sequence data from five Sumatran and five Bornean orang-utan genomes. Our analyses reveal that, compared to other primates, the orang-utan genome has many unique features. Structural evolution of the orang-utan genome has proceeded much more slowly than other great apes, evidenced by fewer rearrangements, less segmental duplication, a lower rate of gene family turnover and surprisingly quiescent Alu repeats, which have played a major role in restructuring other primate genomes. We also describe a primate polymorphic neocentromere, found in both Pongo species, emphasizing the gradual evolution of orang-utan genome structure. Orang-utans have extremely low energy usage for a eutherian mammal, far lower than their hominid relatives. Adding their genome to the repertoire of sequenced primates illuminates new signals of positive selection in several pathways including glycolipid metabolism. From the population perspective, both Pongo species are deeply diverse; however, Sumatran individuals possess greater diversity than their Bornean counterparts, and more species-specific variation. Our estimate of Bornean/Sumatran speciation time, 400,000 years ago, is more recent than most previous studies and underscores the complexity of the orang-utan speciation process. Despite a smaller modern census population size, the Sumatran effective population size (N(e)) expanded exponentially relative to the ancestral N(e) after the split, while Bornean N(e) declined over the same period. Overall, the resources and analyses presented here offer new opportunities in evolutionary genomics, insights into hominid biology, and an extensive database of variation for conservation efforts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.