ArticleClinical pharmacology and therapeutics2011
The missing association: sequencing-based discovery of novel SNPs in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 that affect warfarin dose in African Americans.
Article in Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic Factors Influencing Warfarin Dose in Black-African Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2020Pooled it
- Local ancestry-informed GWAS of warfarin dose requirement in African Americans identifies a CYP2C19 splicing QTL.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Genetic ancestry in population pharmacogenomics unravels distinct geographical patterns related to drug toxicity.iScience · 2024Article
- The impact of child-specific characteristics on warfarin dosing requirements.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2024Article
- Warfarin Dosing in Patients With CYP2C9*5 Variant Alleles.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Article
- Ethnic Diversity and Warfarin Pharmacogenomics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Barriers to clinical adoption of pharmacogenomic testing in psychiatry: a critical analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2021Review
- Co-expression of drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes and estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) in human liver: racial differences and the regulatory role of ESR1.Drug metabolism and personalized therapy · 2021Article
- Pharmacogenomics in Asian Subpopulations and Impacts on Commonly Prescribed Medications.Clinical and translational science · 2020Review
- Comparison of CYP2C9 Activity in Ethiopian and Non-Ethiopian Jews Using Phenytoin as a Probe.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Clinical Model for Predicting Warfarin Sensitivity.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Differences in Warfarin Pharmacodynamics and Predictors of Response Among Three Racial Populations.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2019Article
- Integrative approach identifies corticosteroid response variant in diverse populations with asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Article
- Cardiovascular Pharmacogenomics: Does It Matter If You're Black or White?Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2019Review
- Article
- Pharmacogenetics of warfarin dosing in patients of African and European ancestry.Pharmacogenomics · 2018Review
- Creating and validating a warfarin pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm for Colombian patients.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2018Article
- VKORC1-1639A allele influences warfarin maintenance dosage among Blacks receiving warfarin anticoagulation: a retrospective cohort study.Future cardiology · 2018Article
- ERASE-Seq: Leveraging replicate measurements to enhance ultralow frequency variant detection in NGS data.PloS one · 2018Article
- Pharmacogenomics of CYP2C9: Functional and Clinical Considerations.Journal of personalized medicine · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It is well recognized that the genetic variants VKORC1-1639, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C9*3 contribute to warfarin dose response. This has led to warfarin dosing algorithms that include these polymorphisms and explains between 47% and 56% of variability in dose in Caucasians. However, these polymorphisms explain significantly less of the variance in dose among African Americans. In order to identify novel variations that affect warfarin dose in African Americans, we used a targeted resequencing strategy that examined evolutionarily conserved sequences and regions of putative transcriptional binding. Through ethnicity-specific warfarin dose model building in 330 African Americans, we identified two novel genetic associations with higher warfarin dose, namely, VKORC1-8191 (rs61162043, P = 0.0041) and 18786 in CYP2C9 (rs7089580, P = 0.035). These novel finds are independent of the previous associations with these genes. Our regression model, encompassing both genetic and clinical variables, explained 40% of the variability in warfarin dose in African-American subjects, significantly more than any model thus far.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.