ArticleDiabetes care2011
Serum apolipoprotein AI and B are stronger biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy than traditional lipids.
Article in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- The obesity paradox: Retinopathy, obesity, and circulating risk markers in youth with type 2 diabetes in the TODAY Study.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2022Trial
- Beyond hyperglycaemia: diabetic retinopathy is a multifactorial complication of diabetes mellitus.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Lipid homeostasis plays a critical role in inherited and acquired retinal diseases.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Role of alternative oral therapy for the management of wet age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.World journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- Evaluating lipid-lowering drug targets for full-course diabetic retinopathy.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The non-linear association between remnant cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study in type 2 diabetic patients.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Oxidative stress and retinopathy: evidence from epidemiological studies.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of lipid-lowering drug targets on genetic associations with diabetic retinopathy.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Serum Apolipoprotein B and B/A1 Ratio as Early Negative Biomarkers for OCT- and OCTA-Detected Retinal Changes in Diabetic Macular Edema.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Study on the Correlation Between GDF-15 Levels and a Diagnostic Model for Diabetic Retinopathy.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- Lipid profile alterations and biomarker identification in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients under glycemic control.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- The Predictors of Early Treatment Effectiveness of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Application in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Serum apolipoprotein A1 and B are associated with 6-month persistent and incident diabetic macular oedema in type 2 diabetes.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Sustained ACE2 Expression by Probiotic Improves Integrity of Intestinal Lymphatics and Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetic Model.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Metabolic Imaging and Molecular Biology Reveal the Interplay between Lipid Metabolism and DHA-Induced Modulation of Redox Homeostasis in RPE Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The association between retinal microvasculature derived from optical coherence tomography angiography and systemic factors in type 2 diabetics.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- The non-linear link between remnant cholesterol and diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- Cholesterols, Apolipoproteins, and Their Associations with the Presence and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- New Insights into Treating Early and Advanced Stage Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo describe and compare the associations of serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins with diabetic retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 224 diabetic patients (85 type 1 and 139 type 2) from a diabetes clinic. Diabetic retinopathy was graded from fundus photographs according to the Airlie House Classification system and categorized into mild, moderate, and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR). Serum traditional lipids (total, LDL, non-HDL, and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides) and apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and the apoB-to-apoAI ratio were assessed.
resultsDiabetic retinopathy was present in 133 (59.4%) individuals. After adjustment for age, sex, diabetes duration, A1C, systolic blood pressure, and diabetes medications, the HDL cholesterol level was inversely associated with diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 0.39 [95% CI 0.16-0.94], highest versus lowest quartile; P(trend) = 0.017). The ApoAI level was inversely associated with diabetic retinopathy (per SD increase, 0.76 [95% CI 0.59-0.98]), whereas apoB (per SD increase, 1.31 [1.02-1.68]) and the apoB-to-apoAI ratio (per SD increase, 1.48 [1.13-1.95]) were positively associated with diabetic retinopathy. Results were similar for mild to moderate diabetic retinopathy and VTDR. Traditional lipid levels improved the area under the receiver operating curve by 1.8%, whereas apolipoproteins improved the area by 8.2%.
conclusionsApoAI and apoB and the apoB-to-apoAI ratio were significantly and independently associated with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy severity and improved the ability to discriminate diabetic retinopathy by 8%. Serum apolipoprotein levels may therefore be stronger biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy than traditional lipid measures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.