ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2011
Deconstructing tick saliva: non-protein molecules with potent immunomodulatory properties.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cutaneous Lyme borreliosis: Guideline of the German Dermatology Society.German medical science : GMS e-journal · 2025Guideline
- Cutaneous Lyme borreliosis: Guideline of the German Dermatology Society.German medical science : GMS e-journal · 2017Guideline
- Cutaneous Pseudolymphomas With Identical Clinicopathological Features Induced by Tick Bites at Two Separate Sites.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Cell surface Toll-like receptor polymorphisms influenceiScience · 2025Article
- In silico screening and immunogenic features of putative tick cement protein PA107 from Ixodes ricinus tick.Experimental & applied acarology · 2025Article
- Tick saliva protein fraction inhibits breast cancer by decreasing cell viability and promoting apoptosis in vitro.PloS one · 2025Article
- Amblyostatin-1, the first salivary cystatin with host immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties from the Neotropical tickFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Metabolism and immune responses of striped hamsters to ectoparasite challenges: insights from transcriptomic analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Spatial Metabolomics Reveals the Multifaceted Nature of Lamprey Buccal Gland and Its Diverse Mechanisms for Blood-Feeding.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Article
- A simple non-invasive method to collect soft tick saliva reveals differences inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- The Quantification of IgG Specific to α-Gal Could Be Used as a Risk Marker for Suffering Mammalian Meat Allergy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Lyme disease transmission by severely impaired ticks.Open biology · 2022Article
- Where's the Beef? Understanding Allergic Responses to Red Meat in Alpha-Gal Syndrome.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Review
- Expounding the role of tick in Africa swine fever virus transmission and seeking effective prevention measures: A review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- What do we know about the microbiome ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Host Immune Responses to Salivary Components - A Critical Facet of Tick-Host Interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Review
- Roles of three putative salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) prostaglandin EParasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Rhipicephalus sanguineus salivary gland extract as a source of immunomodulatory molecules.Experimental & applied acarology · 2021Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful initiators of innate and adaptive immune responses. Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasite arthropods that suppress host immunity by secreting immunomodulatory molecules in their saliva. Here, compounds present in Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick saliva with immunomodulatory effects on DC differentiation, cytokine production, and costimulatory molecule expression were identified. R. sanguineus tick saliva inhibited IL-12p40 and TNF-α while potentiating IL-10 cytokine production by bone marrow-derived DCs stimulated by Toll-like receptor-2, -4, and -9 agonists. To identify the molecules responsible for these effects, we fractionated the saliva through microcon filtration and reversed-phase HPLC and tested each fraction for DC maturation. Fractions with proven effects were analyzed by micro-HPLC tandem mass spectrometry or competition ELISA. Thus, we identified for the first time in tick saliva the purine nucleoside adenosine (concentration of ∼110 pmol/μl) as a potent anti-inflammatory salivary inhibitor of DC cytokine production. We also found prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2) ∼100 nM) with comparable effects in modulating cytokine production by DCs. Both Ado and PGE(2) inhibited cytokine production by inducing cAMP-PKA signaling in DCs. Additionally, both Ado and PGE(2) were able to inhibit expression of CD40 in mature DCs. Finally, flow cytometry analysis revealed that PGE(2), but not Ado, is the differentiation inhibitor of bone marrow-derived DCs. The presence of non-protein molecules adenosine and PGE(2) in tick saliva indicates an important evolutionary mechanism used by ticks to subvert host immune cells and allow them to successfully complete their blood meal and life cycle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.