Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2011
Increased risk of severe infant anemia after exposure to maternal HAART, Botswana.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiretroviral Treatment Is Associated With Iron Deficiency in HIV-Infected Malawian Women That Is Mitigated With Supplementation, but Is Not Associated With Infant Iron Deficiency During 24 Weeks of Exclusive Breastfeeding.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Changes in soluble transferrin receptor and hemoglobin concentrations in Malawian mothers are associated with those values in their exclusively breastfed, HIV-exposed infants.The Journal of nutrition · 2014Trial
- Review
- Where are the data linking infant outcomes, breastfeeding and medicine exposure? A systematic scoping review.PloS one · 2023Article
- Genome-wide association study reveals genetic variants associated with HIV-1C infection in a Botswana study population.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Anemia Prevalence and Anthropometric Status of Indigenous Women and Young Children in Rural Botswana: The San People.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Growth and Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: a Conceptual Framework.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2019Review
- In Utero Efavirenz Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in HIV-exposed Uninfected Children in Botswana.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2019Article
- Estimation of Drug Pharmacokinetics from Breast Feeding: A Simple Method Based on Meta-analysis.Journal of advances in medical and pharmaceutical sciences · 2019Article
- Efavirenz and Lopinavir Levels in HIV-Infected Women and Their Nursing Infants, in Mali.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2018Article
- Effects of concurrent exposure to antiretrovirals and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- Influence of new antiretrovirals on hematological toxicity in HIV-exposed uninfected infants.European journal of pediatrics · 2016Observational
- Antiretroviral exposure during pregnancy and adverse outcomes in HIV-exposed uninfected infants and children using a trigger-based design.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Article
- Maternal Lopinavir/Ritonavir Is Associated with Fewer Adverse Events in Infants than Nelfinavir or Atazanavir.Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2016Article
- Paediatric HIV: Progress on Prevention, Treatment and Cure.Current pediatrics reports · 2015Article
- Short communication: high cellular iron levels are associated with increased HIV infection and replication.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Article
- Getting to 90-90-90 in paediatric HIV: What is needed?Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Article
- The physical and psychological effects of HIV infection and its treatment on perinatally HIV-infected children.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaternal highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduces mother-to-child HIV transmission but may increase the risk for infant anemia.
methodsThe incidence of first severe anemia (grade 3 or 4, Division of AIDS 2004 Toxicity Table) was assessed among HIV-uninfected infants in the Mashi and Mma Bana mother-to-child HIV transmission prevention trials in Botswana. Severe anemia rates were compared between 3 groups: infants exposed to maternal HAART in utero and during breastfeeding (BF) and 1 month of postnatal zidovudine (ZDV) (HAART-BF); infants exposed to maternal ZDV in utero, 6 months of postnatal ZDV, and BF (ZDV-BF); and infants exposed to maternal ZDV in utero, 1 month of postnatal ZDV, and formula-feeding (ZDV-FF).
resultsA total of 1719 infants were analyzed-691 HAART-BF, 503 ZDV-BF, and 525 ZDV-FF. Severe anemia was detected in 118 infants (7.4%). By 6 months, 12.5% of HAART-BF infants experienced severe anemia, compared with 5.3% of ZDV-BF (P < 0.001) and 2.5% of ZDV-FF infants (P < 0.001). In adjusted analysis, HAART-BF infants were at greater risk of severe anemia than ZDV-BF or ZDV-FF infants (adjusted odds ratios 2.6 and 5.8, respectively; P < 0.001). Most anemias were asymptomatic and improved with iron/multivitamin supplementation and cessation of ZDV exposure. However, 11 infants (0.6% of all infants) required transfusion for symptomatic anemia. Microcytosis and hypochromia were common among infants with severe anemia.
conclusionsExposure to maternal HAART starting in utero was associated with severe infant anemia. Confirmation of this finding and possible strategies to mitigate hematologic toxicity warrant further study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.