ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2011
Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like genes ttll3 and ttll6 maintain zebrafish cilia structure and motility.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microtubule posttranslational modifications provide unique recognition patterns for associated proteins.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Tubulin glutamylation: a key regulator of flagella, cilia, centrosomes, and disease pathways.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- The TTLL10 polyglycylase is stimulated by tubulin glutamylation and inhibited by polyglycylation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Post-Translational Modifications in Cilia and Ciliopathies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- lncRNA Ubr5 promotes BMSCs apoptosis and inhibits their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in weightless bone loss.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Glutamylation imbalance impairs the molecular architecture of the photoreceptor cilium.The EMBO journal · 2024Article
- Structural basis for α-tubulin-specific and modification state-dependent glutamylation.Nature chemical biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Protofilament-specific nanopatterns of tubulin post-translational modifications regulate the mechanics of ciliary beating.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Quantitative proteomics reveals the dynamic proteome landscape of zebrafish embryos during the maternal-to-zygotic transition.iScience · 2024Article
- An RFX transcription factor regulates ciliogenesis in the closest living relatives of animals.Current biology : CB · 2023Article
- Deciphering the Tubulin Language: Molecular Determinants and Readout Mechanisms of the Tubulin Code in Neurons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- XBP1 variant 1 promotes mitosis of cancer cells involving upregulation of the polyglutamylase TTLL6.Human molecular genetics · 2022Article
- TTC30A and TTC30B Redundancy Protects IFT Complex B Integrity and Its Pivotal Role in Ciliogenesis.Genes · 2022Article
- Post-transcriptional and Post-translational Modifications of Primary Cilia: How to Fine Tune Your Neuronal Antenna.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Diversity and function of motile ciliated cell types within ependymal lineages of the zebrafish brain.Cell reports · 2021Article
- Ttc30a affects tubulin modifications in a model for ciliary chondrodysplasia with polycystic kidney disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Genetic variant of TTLL11 gene and subsequent ciliary defects are associated with idiopathic scoliosis in a 5-generation UK family.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Tubulin post-translational modifications control neuronal development and functions.Developmental neurobiology · 2021Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tubulin post-translational modifications generate microtubule heterogeneity and modulate microtubule function, and are catalyzed by tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) proteins. Using antibodies specific to monoglycylated, polyglycylated, and glutamylated tubulin in whole mount immunostaining of zebrafish embryos, we observed distinct, tissue-specific patterns of tubulin modifications. Tubulin modification patterns in cilia correlated with the expression of ttll3 and ttll6 in ciliated cells. Expression screening of all zebrafish tubulin tyrosine ligase-like genes revealed additional tissue-specific expression of ttll1 in brain neurons, ttll4 in muscle, and ttll7 in otic placodes. Knockdown of ttll3 eliminated cilia tubulin glycylation but had surprisingly mild effects on cilia structure and motility. Similarly, knockdown of ttll6 strongly reduced cilia tubulin glutamylation but only partially affected cilia structure and motility. Combined loss of function of ttll3 and ttll6 caused near complete loss of cilia motility and induced a variety of axonemal ultrastructural defects similar to defects previously observed in zebrafish fleer mutants, which were shown to lack tubulin glutamylation. Consistently, we find that fleer mutants also lack tubulin glycylation. These results indicate that tubulin glycylation and glutamylation have overlapping functions in maintaining cilia structure and motility and that the fleer/dyf-1 TPR protein is required for both types of tubulin post-translational modification.
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