ReviewMicrobial biotechnology2009
Mechanism of action of and resistance to quinolones.
Review in Microbial biotechnology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 195 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
195 citing papers in PubMed, 471 citations in OpenAlex.
- PMAxx dye-assisted colorimetric dual DNAzyme-LAMP (PD-cDDLAMP) for rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Thermal Shifts Dominate Single-Gene Responses to Transcription-Targeting Antibiotics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Phenotypic and phylogenomic characterization of Lactococcus garvieae isolates from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Türkiye.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- A Review of Fluoroquinolones with a Focus on Veterinary-Approved Agents.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Biodesulfurization and activation of a thionated levofloxacin derivative: antimicrobial evaluation and LC-MS-based metabolic profiling.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Antibiotic resistance mechanisms and global resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in microbial keratitis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Antimicrobial Peptide-Antibiotic Combination Treatment for Tackling Ocular and SystemicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Klebsiella pneumoniae in the global AMR: resistance mechanisms and genomic adaptation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and virulence gene profiles of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from raw milk: implications for public health.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance profiling in poultry industry: a culture-independent resistome analysis and risk factor assessment.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains identified from patients with urinary tract infection in Egypt.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- An integrated complete-genome sequencing and systems biology approach to predict antimicrobial resistance genes in the virulent bacterial strains of Moraxella catarrhalis.Briefings in functional genomics · 2026Article
- Pyrimidine-Based Compounds in Tuberculosis Management: A Review of their Biological and Medicinal Importance.Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)) · 2026Review
- The toxin from the PemIK-Sa1 toxin-antitoxin system decreasesFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Fighting the invader: strategies against intracellular bacteria.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Genetic Basis of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance of PathogenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Harnessing nanozymes as next-generation antimicrobial agents: From mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Decoding Mastitis in Small Rodent Pets: Pathophysiology, Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, and Future Directions in Treatment Strategies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Inhibitory potential of pentagalloyl glucose against efflux pumps inRSC advances · 2025Article
- Exploring norfloxacin analogs in combating antimicrobial resistance: design, mechanistic insights and structure activity relationship.Future medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
135 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are an important class of wide-spectrum antibacterial agents. The first quinolone described was nalidixic acid, which showed a narrow spectrum of activity. The evolution of quinolones to more potent molecules was based on changes at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 of the chemical structure of nalidixic acid. Quinolones inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activities, two enzymes essential for bacteria viability. The acquisition of quinolone resistance is frequently related to (i) chromosomal mutations such as those in the genes encoding the A and B subunits of the protein targets (gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE), or mutations causing reduced drug accumulation, either by a decreased uptake or by an increased efflux, and (ii) quinolone resistance genes associated with plasmids have been also described, i.e. the qnr gene that encodes a pentapeptide, which blocks the action of quinolones on the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV; the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene that encodes an acetylase that modifies the amino group of the piperazin ring of the fluoroquinolones and efflux pump encoded by the qepA gene that decreases intracellular drug levels. These plasmid-mediated mechanisms of resistance confer low levels of resistance but provide a favourable background in which selection of additional chromosomally encoded quinolone resistance mechanisms can occur.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.