ArticleThe Angle orthodontist2011
Changes in upper airway width associated with Class II treatments (headgear vs activator) and different growth patterns.
Article in The Angle orthodontist, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of teeth extraction for orthodontic treatment on the upper airway: a systematic review.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2015Pooled it
- Upper airway changes following single-step or stepwise advancement using the Functional Mandibular Advancer.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2016Trial
- Long-Term Changes Following Orthopedic Mandibular Advancement Therapy in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: a 7-Year Follow-up Study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Orthodontic Perspectives in the Interdisciplinary Management of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring the relationship between posture-dependent airway assessment in orthodontics: insights from kinetic MRI, cephalometric data, and three-dimensional MRI analysis.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- A comparative study of Twin-Block and van Beek Headgear-Activator on the three-dimensional morphology of the upper airway in growing children with mandibular retraction in skeletal class II malocclusion.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Observational
- Pharyngeal airway and hyoid bone position changes of skeletal anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device and activator appliances.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Article
- Upper Airway Changes following Functional Treatment with the Headgear Herbst or Headgear Twin Block Appliance Assessed on Lateral Cephalograms and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2019Article
- Three-dimensional evaluation of changes in upper airway volume in growing skeletal Class II patients following mandibular advancement treatment with functional orthopedic appliances.The Angle orthodontist · 2018Article
- Effects of two different removable functional appliances on depth of the posterior airway space : A retrospective cephalometric study.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2017Article
- In practice: Impact on the airway.British dental journal · 2015Article
- Upper airway changes after Xbow appliance therapy evaluated with cone beam computed tomography.The Angle orthodontist · 2014Article
- Effects on the maxilla and cranial base caused by cervical headgear: a longitudinal study.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2012Article
- Effect of fixed functional appliances on pharyngeal airway dimensions in Skeletal Class II individuals - A scoping review.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
- Comparison of airway dimensions in skeletal Class I malocclusion subjects with different vertical facial patterns.Dental press journal of orthodonticsArticle
- Effect of functional appliances on the airway dimensions in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion: A systematic review.Journal of orthodontic scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the upper airways for anteroposterior width against different growth patterns and for alterations during various Class II treatments. MATERIALS AND
methodsCephalograms from three treatment groups (headgear, activator, and bite-jumping appliance) were evaluated by a single investigator at baseline and at the end of orthodontic treatment. Cephalograms were used to determine upper airway width at different levels in the anteroposterior plane. Patients in the headgear group were additionally divided into six subsets on the basis of y-axis values to assess the influence of different growth patterns.
resultsSmall increases in pharyngeal width were noted at all vertical level segments, both at baseline and during orthodontic treatments. No significant differences in these small increases were noted across various treatment modalities and growth patterns.
conclusionUpper airway changes did not significantly vary with the different treatment modalities investigated in the present study. Nevertheless, reductions in pharyngeal width potentially triggering or exacerbating obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are always possible in the headgear phase.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.