ArticleToxicology and applied pharmacology2011
Is the PentaBDE replacement, tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), a developmental neurotoxicant? Studies in PC12 cells.
Article in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers.
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Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed.
- Analysis of the flame retardant metabolites bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPP) in urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2011Trial
- Update of the risk assessment on emerging and novel brominated flame retardants in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Urinary Organophosphate Esters and Increased Oxidative Stress in Healthy Older Adults: The China BAPE Study.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and child cognition: Findings from the environmental influences on child Health Outcomes cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Article
- PMToxics · 2026Article
- Organophosphate Flame Retardants Disrupt Autism-Relevant Gene Networks Across Development: A Cross-Species Multi-Omics Study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Dermal Exposure to Organophosphorus Compounds in Home Video Game Controllers.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Addressing the need for individual-level exposure monitoring for firefighters using silicone samplers.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- CdPhysiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2025Article
- Review
- The Role and Mechanism of Ambra1-Mediated Mitophagy in TDCPP-Exposed Mouse Hippocampal Neurons.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Exposure to organophosphate esters and maternal-child health.Environmental research · 2024Review
- Article
- Reviewing the current state of legacy POP-brominated flame retardants in plastic childcare products and toys: a scoping review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2024Article
- A Review of the Distribution and Health Effect of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants in Indoor Environments.Toxics · 2024Review
- Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolites and early motor development in the MADRES cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Fragmentation Pathway of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants by Liquid Chromatography-Orbitrap-Based High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Elucidating the toxicity mechanisms of organophosphate esters by adverse outcome pathway network.Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolite mixtures and children's neurobehavioral outcomes in the MADRES pregnancy cohort.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are used as replacements for the commercial PentaBDE mixture that was phased out in 2004. OPFRs are ubiquitous in the environment and detected at high concentrations in residential dust, suggesting widespread human exposure. OPFRs are structurally similar to neurotoxic organophosphate pesticides, raising concerns about exposure and toxicity to humans. This study evaluated the neurotoxicity of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) compared to the organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF), a known developmental neurotoxicant. We also tested the neurotoxicity of three structurally similar OPFRs, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris (1-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP), and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a major component of PentaBDE. Using undifferentiated and differentiating PC12 cells, changes in DNA synthesis, oxidative stress, differentiation into dopaminergic or cholinergic neurophenotypes, cell number, cell growth and neurite growth were assessed. TDCPP displayed concentration-dependent neurotoxicity, often with effects equivalent to or greater than equimolar concentrations of CPF. TDCPP inhibited DNA synthesis, and all OPFRs decreased cell number and altered neurodifferentiation. Although TDCPP elevated oxidative stress, there was no adverse effect on cell viability or growth. TDCPP and TDBPP promoted differentiation into both neuronal phenotypes, while TCEP and TCPP promoted only the cholinergic phenotype. BDE-47 had no effect on cell number, cell growth or neurite growth. Our results demonstrate that different OPFRs show divergent effects on neurodifferentiation, suggesting the participation of multiple mechanisms of toxicity. Additionally, these data suggest that OPFRs may affect neurodevelopment with similar or greater potency compared to known and suspected neurotoxicants.
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