ArticleJournal of immunological methods2011
Impact of blood processing variations on natural killer cell frequency, activation, chemokine receptor expression and function.
Article in Journal of immunological methods, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of delayed isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells on cell viability and functionality.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Upgrading Monocytes Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia Patient Treatment: Pre-Clinical and GMP-Validation Aspects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Evaluation of natural killer cell assay performance on shipped blood specimens.Journal of immunological methods · 2021Article
- A Method of Assessment of Human Natural Killer Cell Phenotype and Function in Whole Blood.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Tumor necrosis factor induces rapid down-regulation of TXNIP in human T cells.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Phenotypic and functional stability of leukocytes from human peripheral blood samples: considerations for the design of immunological studies.BMC immunology · 2019Article
- A Method of Targeted Cell Isolation via Glass Surface Functionalization.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2016Article
- Single-step enrichment of basophils from human peripheral blood by a novel method using a Percoll density gradient.Journal of separation science · 2016Article
- Naturally Occurring Subclinical Endotoxemia in Humans Alters Adaptive and Innate Immune Functions through Reduced MAPK and Increased STAT1 Phosphorylation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Increased frequencies of CD8Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Article
- Enhanced immune activation linked to endotoxemia in HIV-1 seronegative MSM.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Article
- Article
- Changes in Natural Killer cell activation and function during primary HIV-1 Infection.PloS one · 2013Article
- Innate immune activation enhances hiv acquisition in women, diminishing the effectiveness of tenofovir microbicide gel.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2012Article
- Impact of protective killer inhibitory receptor/human leukocyte antigen genotypes on natural killer cell and T-cell function in HIV-1-infected controllers.AIDS (London, England) · 2012Article
- Marked differences in CCR5 expression and activation levels in two South African populations.Immunology · 2012Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding the role of natural killer (NK) cells in human disease pathogenesis is crucial and necessitates study of patient samples directly ex vivo. Manipulation of whole blood by density gradient centrifugation or delays in sample processing due to shipping, however, may lead to artifactual changes in immune response measures. Here, we assessed the impact of density gradient centrifugation and delayed processing of both whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at multiple timepoints (2-24 h) on flow cytometric measures of NK cell frequency, activation status, chemokine receptor expression, and effector functions. We found that density gradient centrifugation activated the NK cells and modified the chemokine receptor expression. Delays in processing beyond 8h activated NK cells in PBMC but not in whole blood. Likewise, processing delays decreased chemokine receptor (CCR4 and CCR7) expression in both PBMC and whole blood. Finally, delays in processing PBMC were associated with a decreased ability of NK cells to degranulate (as measured by CD107a expression) or secrete cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α). In summary, our findings suggest that density gradient centrifugation and delayed processing of PBMC can alter measures of clinically relevant NK cell characteristics including effector functions; and therefore should be taken into account in designing clinical research studies.
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