ReviewMicrobial biotechnology2010
Regulation and compartmentalization of β-lactam biosynthesis.
Review in Microbial biotechnology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- EngineeringACS omega · 2026Article
- Identification of targets for high penicillin G production in an industrial strain of Penicillium rubens.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Anticancer Secondary Metabolites Produced by Fungi: Potential and Representative Compounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Comparative Proteomic Analysis ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Scoping Review of Extraction Methods for Detecting β-Lactam Antibiotics in Food Products of Animal Origin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- bZIP transcription factors PcYap1 and PcRsmA link oxidative stress response to secondary metabolism and development in Penicillium chrysogenum.Microbial cell factories · 2022Article
- Review
- Promoter exchange of the cryptic nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene for oligopeptide production in Aspergillus oryzae.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Characterization of the Gene Encoding S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) Synthetase inMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (expandase): Research progress and application potential.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2021Article
- Polyamines Upregulate Cephalosporin C Production and Expression of β-Lactam Biosynthetic Genes in High-YieldingMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Fungal evolution: cellular, genomic and metabolic complexity.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2020Article
- Comparative genomics of Alexander Fleming's original Penicillium isolate (IMI 15378) reveals sequence divergence of penicillin synthesis genes.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Omics Approaches Applied toGenes · 2020Review
- Transport systems, intracellular traffic of intermediates and secretion of β-lactam antibiotics in fungi.Fungal biology and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Genetic Modification ofMicroorganisms · 2019Article
- Identification and Characterization of an Autophagy-Related Gene Acatg12 in Acremonium chrysogenum.Current microbiology · 2019Article
- Comparison of Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance: Learning from Various Kingdoms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Metabolic engineering of Acremonium chrysogenum for improving cephalosporin C production independent of methionine stimulation.Microbial cell factories · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Penicillins and cephalosporins are β-lactam antibiotics widely used in human medicine. The biosynthesis of these compounds starts by the condensation of the amino acids L-α-aminoadipic acid, L-cysteine and L-valine to form the tripeptide δ-L-α-aminoadipyl-l-cysteinyl-D-valine catalysed by the non-ribosomal peptide 'ACV synthetase'. Subsequently, this tripeptide is cyclized to isopenicillin N that in Penicillium is converted to hydrophobic penicillins, e.g. benzylpenicillin. In Acremonium and in streptomycetes, isopenicillin N is later isomerized to penicillin N and finally converted to cephalosporin. Expression of genes of the penicillin (pcbAB, pcbC, pendDE) and cephalosporin clusters (pcbAB, pcbC, cefD1, cefD2, cefEF, cefG) is controlled by pleitropic regulators including LaeA, a methylase involved in heterochromatin rearrangement. The enzymes catalysing the last two steps of penicillin biosynthesis (phenylacetyl-CoA ligase and isopenicillin N acyltransferase) are located in microbodies, as shown by immunoelectron microscopy and microbodies proteome analyses. Similarly, the Acremonium two-component CefD1-CefD2 epimerization system is also located in microbodies. This compartmentalization implies intracellular transport of isopenicillin N (in the penicillin pathway) or isopenicillin N and penicillin N in the cephalosporin route. Two transporters of the MFS family cefT and cefM are involved in transport of intermediates and/or secretion of cephalosporins. However, there is no known transporter of benzylpenicillin despite its large production in industrial strains.
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