ArticlePLoS genetics2011
Genome sequencing and comparative transcriptomics of the model entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and M. acridum.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 273 papers.
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Who cites it
273 citing papers in PubMed, 662 citations in OpenAlex.
- The bHLHzip-type transcription factor,Virulence · 2026Article
- MaGti1, a Gti1/Pac2 family protein, contributes to conidiation pattern shift in Metarhizium acridum.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Genomic signatures of host-range divergence in the generalist Beauveria bassiana and the specialist Beauveria brongniartii.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Article
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- Fungal Hydrophobins: Taxonomic Distribution, Functional Roles, Physicochemical Properties, and Biotechnological Applications.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Endophytic Entomopathogenic Fungi Shape Herbivore Behavior and Plant-Insect Interactions: Implications for Biological Control.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The potential of Clonostachys rosea as a biolarvicide against Anopheles gambiae.Journal of invertebrate pathology · 2026Article
- Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of Metarhizium acridum provides insights into Metarhizium genome evolution.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Gene presence-absence and evolutionary signals of positive selection associated with virulence divergence inMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Genome sequencing and functional annotation of Metarhizium anisopliae TNAU-MA-GDU: Insights into virulence mechanisms against Spodoptera frugiperda.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Drosophila host defense mechanisms against filamentous fungal pathogens with diverse lifestyles.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Immune and Metabolic Responses inInsects · 2026Article
- Distinct Bomanins at the Drosophila 55C locus function in resistance and resilience to infections.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Data Suggest Pathways Involved in Conidiation Degeneration and Its Rejuvenate by Passage in theJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Conserved storage-carbohydrate metabolic modules are rewired during germination ofFrontiers in fungal biology · 2026Article
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- The chitinolytic enzymes from the entomopathogenic fungusFrontiers in fungal biology · 2026Review
- Glutamate dehydrogenase 2 is required for virulence by facilitating fungal growth in the host hemocoel.Virulence · 2025Article
- Engineered Metarhizium fungi produce longifolene to attract and kill mosquitoes.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
213 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metarhizium spp. are being used as environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical insecticides, as model systems for studying insect-fungus interactions, and as a resource of genes for biotechnology. We present a comparative analysis of the genome sequences of the broad-spectrum insect pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae and the acridid-specific M. acridum. Whole-genome analyses indicate that the genome structures of these two species are highly syntenic and suggest that the genus Metarhizium evolved from plant endophytes or pathogens. Both M. anisopliae and M. acridum have a strikingly larger proportion of genes encoding secreted proteins than other fungi, while ~30% of these have no functionally characterized homologs, suggesting hitherto unsuspected interactions between fungal pathogens and insects. The analysis of transposase genes provided evidence of repeat-induced point mutations occurring in M. acridum but not in M. anisopliae. With the help of pathogen-host interaction gene database, ~16% of Metarhizium genes were identified that are similar to experimentally verified genes involved in pathogenicity in other fungi, particularly plant pathogens. However, relative to M. acridum, M. anisopliae has evolved with many expanded gene families of proteases, chitinases, cytochrome P450s, polyketide synthases, and nonribosomal peptide synthetases for cuticle-degradation, detoxification, and toxin biosynthesis that may facilitate its ability to adapt to heterogeneous environments. Transcriptional analysis of both fungi during early infection processes provided further insights into the genes and pathways involved in infectivity and specificity. Of particular note, M. acridum transcribed distinct G-protein coupled receptors on cuticles from locusts (the natural hosts) and cockroaches, whereas M. anisopliae transcribed the same receptor on both hosts. This study will facilitate the identification of virulence genes and the development of improved biocontrol strains with customized properties.
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