ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2011
Inhaled innate immune ligands to prevent pneumonia.
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phosphorothioate backbone modification of oligodeoxynucleotides induces TLR9-independent lung epithelial antimicrobial responses.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Prophylactic Inhaled Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonists Reprogram Lung Epithelial Response and Prevent Type 2 Allergic Inflammation.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) and the Microbiome in Preterm Infants: Consequences and Opportunities for Future Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Role of toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors in acute lung infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- OBIF: an omics-based interaction framework to reveal molecular drivers of synergy.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2022Article
- The effect of aerosolized bacterial lysate on experimentally inducedCanadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire · 2022Article
- Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Infection Impedes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonization and Persistence in Mouse Respiratory Tract.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Reply to YasumaAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Epithelial immunomodulation by aerosolized Toll-like receptor agonists prevents allergic inflammation in airway mucosa in mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Understanding the Host in the Management of Pneumonia. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2021Article
- Host-directed therapy in foals can enhance functional innate immunity and reduce severity of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Airway Epithelial Innate Immunity.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Polyvalent Bacterial Lysate Protects Against Pneumonia Independently of Neutrophils, IL-17A or Caspase-1 Activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Immune Modulation to Improve Survival of Viral Pneumonia in Mice.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2020Article
- Salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA as an accessible biomarker of mucosal immunity against COVID-19.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2020Article
- Inducible epithelial resistance against acute Sendai virus infection prevents chronic asthma-like lung disease in mice.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Article
- MyD88 regulates a prolonged adaptation response to environmental dust exposure-induced lung disease.Respiratory research · 2020Article
- Inducible lung epithelial resistance requires multisource reactive oxygen species generation to protect against bacterial infections.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Epithelial surfaces throughout the body continuously sample and respond to environmental stimuli. The accessibility of lung epithelium to inhaled therapies makes it possible to stimulate local antimicrobial defences with aerosolized innate immune ligands. This strategy has been shown to be effective in preclinical models, as delivery of innate immune ligands to the lungs of laboratory animals results in protection from subsequent challenge with microbial pathogens. Survival of the animal host in this setting correlates directly with killing of pathogens within the lungs, indicating the induction of a resistance mechanism. Resistance appears to be mediated primarily by activated epithelial cells rather than recruited leucocytes. Resistance reaches a peak within hours and persists for several days. Innate immune ligands can interact synergistically under some circumstances, and synergistic combinations of innate ligands delivered by aerosol are capable of inducing a high level of broad host resistance to bacteria, fungi and viruses. The induction of innate antimicrobial resistance within the lungs could have clinical applications in the prevention of lower respiratory tract infection in subjects transiently at high risk. These include cancer patients undergoing myeloablative chemotherapy, intubated patients being mechanically ventilated, vulnerable individuals during seasonal influenza epidemics, asthmatic subjects experiencing a respiratory viral infection, and healthy subjects exposed to virulent pathogens from a bioterror attack or emergent pandemic. In summary, stimulation of the lung epithelium to induce localized resistance to infection is a novel strategy whose clinical utility will be assessed in the near future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.