ArticlePloS one2011
Cryptococcus gattii virulence composite: candidate genes revealed by microarray analysis of high and less virulent Vancouver island outbreak strains.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Organoselenium Compound Induces Death inACS omega · 2026Article
- The emerging fungal pathogen Cryptococcus gattii: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunomodulatory attributes, and drug susceptibility.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Genotyping Analysis ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Gene, virulence and related regulatory mechanisms inActa biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2022Review
- Cryptococcal Virulence in Humans: Learning From Translational Studies With Clinical Isolates.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Emerging Cryptococcus gattii species complex infections in Guangxi, southern China.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Fungal kinases and transcription factors regulating brain infection in Cryptococcus neoformans.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Contribution of Laccase Expression to Immune Response against Cryptococcus gattii Infection.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Pathogen and host genetics underpinning cryptococcal disease.Advances in genetics · 2020Review
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- Macrolides Inhibit Capsule Formation of Highly VirulentAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Transcriptional Heterogeneity ofmSphere · 2018Article
- Estimating the Intra-taxa Diversity, Population Genetic Structure, and Evolutionary Pathways ofFrontiers in genetics · 2018Article
- The Cell Wall Integrity Signaling Pathway and Its Involvement in Secondary Metabolite Production.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Cryptococcosis today: It is not all about HIV infection.Current clinical microbiology reports · 2017Article
- Novel Antifungal Activity for the Lectin Scytovirin: Inhibition ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Differential Antifungal Activity of Human and Cryptococcal Melanins with Structural Discrepancies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Yeasts Associated with Culex pipiens and Culex theileri Mosquito Larvae and the Effect of Selected Yeast Strains on the Ontogeny of Culex pipiens.Microbial ecology · 2016Article
- Secretome profiling of Cryptococcus neoformans reveals regulation of a subset of virulence-associated proteins and potential biomarkers by protein kinase A.BMC microbiology · 2015Article
- Article
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5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human and animal cryptococcosis due to an unusual molecular type of Cryptococcus gattii (VGII) emerged recently on Vancouver Island, Canada. Unlike C. neoformans, C. gattii causes disease mainly in immunocompetent hosts, despite producing a similar suite of virulence determinants. To investigate a potential relationship between the regulation of expression of a virulence gene composite and virulence, we took advantage of two subtypes of VGII (a and b), one highly virulent (R265) and one less virulent (R272), that were identified from the Vancouver outbreak. By expression microarray analysis, 202 genes showed at least a 2-fold difference in expression with 108 being up- and 94 being down-regulated in strain R265 compared with strain R272. Specifically, expression levels of genes encoding putative virulence factors (e.g. LAC1, LAC2, CAS3 and MPK1) and genes encoding proteins involved in cell wall assembly, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were increased in strain R265, whereas genes involved in the regulation of mitosis and ergosterol biosynthesis were suppressed. In vitro phenotypic studies and transcription analysis confirmed the microarray results. Gene disruption of LAC1 and MPK1 revealed defects in melanin synthesis and cell wall integrity, respectively, where CAS3 was not essential for capsule production. Moreover, MPK1 also controls melanin and capsule production and causes a severe attenuation of the virulence in a murine inhalational model. Overall, this study provides the basis for further genetic studies to characterize the differences in the virulence composite of strains with minor evolutionary divergences in gene expression in the primary pathogen C. gattii, that have led to a major invasive fungal infection outbreak.
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