Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21248155›Full record

ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2011

Evaluation of the immunogenicity and biological activity of the Citrobacter freundii Vi-CRM197 conjugate as a vaccine for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

Simona Rondini, Francesca Micoli, Luisa Lanzilao, Christine Hale, Allan J Saul, Laura B Martin

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
11.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Adjuvanted Modified Bacterial Antigens for Single-Dose Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Article
  9. Infection and immunity · 2021
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Short Vi-polysaccharide abrogates T-independent immune response and hyporesponsiveness elicited by long Vi-CRMProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Simona RondiniNovartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy. simona.rondini@novartis.com
Francesca Micoli
Luisa Lanzilao
Christine Hale
Allan J Saul
Laura B Martin
Novartis (Italy) · ITToscana Life Sciences · ITWellcome Sanger Institute · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Typhoid fever remains a major health problem in developing countries. Young children are at high risk, and a vaccine effective for this age group is urgently needed. Purified capsular polysaccharide from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Vi) is licensed as a vaccine, providing 50 to 70% protection in individuals older than 5 years. However, this vaccine is ineffective in infants. Vi conjugated to a carrier protein (i.e., an exoprotein A mutant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa [rEPA]) is highly immunogenic, provides long-term protection, and shows more than 90% protective efficacy in children 2 to 5 years old. Here, we describe an alternative glycoconjugate vaccine for S. Typhi, Vi-CRM(197), where Vi was obtained from Citrobacter freundii WR7011 and CRM(197), the mutant diphtheria toxin protein, was used as the carrier. We investigated the optimization of growth conditions for Vi production from C. freundii WR7011 and the immunogenicity of Vi-CRM(197) conjugates in mice. The optimal saccharide/protein ratio of the glycoconjugates was identified for the best antibody production. We also demonstrated the ability of this new vaccine to protect mice against challenge with Vi-positive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsBacterial ProteinsCitrobacter freundiiFemaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CPolysaccharides, BacterialSalmonella Infections, AnimalSalmonella typhimuriumTyphoid-Paratyphoid VaccinesVaccines, ConjugateAdjuvants, ImmunologicBacterial ProteinsCRM197 (non-toxic variant of diphtheria toxin)Polysaccharides, BacterialTyphoid-Paratyphoid VaccinesVaccines, Conjugate

Identifiers

PMID21248155
PMCPMC3067394
OpenAlexW2130125439

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.