ReviewJournal of leukocyte biology2011
Obstacles and opportunities for understanding macrophage polarization.
Review in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 292 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
292 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 557 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in the research of the role of macrophage/microglia polarization-mediated inflammatory response in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Increased NETosis in Patients With Heart Failure Is Associated With Macrophage Activation Towards a Proinflammatory Phenotype.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Intercellular mechanical communication drives the directional migration of Jurkat T immune cells.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2026Article
- Host-pathogen interactions during ESKAPE-mediated urinary tract infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a review.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Regulatory interplay between nitric oxide and heme in redox signaling and inflammation.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Tumor microenvironment-driven immune evasion in triple-negative breast cancer: mechanisms, clinical challenges, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring macrophage polarization: biological insights, key laboratory techniques and research perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Polarization increases nuclear stiffness in macrophages despite reduction in lamin A/C levels.npj biological physics and mechanics · 2026Article
- Innate immunity and hypertension: unveiling inflammatory pathways for novel therapies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Macrophage polarization regulated by the βTrCP-NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway is required for valproic acid's dual role in breast tumor radiosensitivity and normal tissue radioprotection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Plaque-Targeted Delivery of Fluoride-Free MXene Nanozyme for Alleviating Atherosclerosis via Sonocatalytic Therapy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Anthelmintic and Antibiotic Therapy Resolves Intestinal Inflammatory Infiltration in Experimental Trichuriasis.ACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Topography-based implants for bone regeneration: Design, biological mechanism, and therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Exploring the Cellular and Molecular Landscape of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Integrative Multi-Omics and Single-Cell Analysis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- MMP-Sensitive Macrophage-Targeted Coenzyme Q10 Nanomedicine for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- M2-like macrophages derived from THP-1 cells promote myofibroblast differentiation of synovial fibroblasts in association with the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Oligonucleotide-Based Modulation of Macrophage Polarization: Emerging Strategies in Immunotherapy.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- sVEGFR3 alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulating mitochondrial homeostasis and immune cell infiltration.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Article
- Article
- Experimental trichuriasis: Changes in the immune response and bacterial translocation during acute phase development illustrated with 3D model animation.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
232 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are now routinely categorized into phenotypic subtypes based on gene expression induced in response to cytokine and pathogen-derived stimulation. In the broadest division, macrophages are described as being CAMs (M1 macrophages) or AAMs (M2 macrophages) based on their exposure to TLR and IFN signals or Th2 cytokines, respectively. Despite the prolific use of this simple classification scheme, little is known about the precise functions of effector molecules produced by AAMs, especially how representative the CAM and AAM subtypes are of tissue macrophages in homeostasis, infection, or tissue repair and how plasticity in gene expression regulates macrophage function in vivo. Furthermore, correlations between mouse and human tissue macrophages and their representative subtypes are lacking and are a major barrier to understanding human immunity. Here, we briefly summarize current features of macrophage polarization and discuss the roles of various macrophage subpopulations and macrophage-associated genes in health and disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.