ArticleThe Journal of comparative neurology2011
Early microglia activation in a mouse model of chronic glaucoma.
Article in The Journal of comparative neurology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 220 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
220 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 342 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glial Cell Activation and Immune Responses in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review of Human Postmortem Studies of the Retina and Optic Nerve.Aging and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Neuron-derived SPP1 instructs microglia to limit degeneration.Science advances · 2026Article
- A human pluripotent stem cell triculture platform to elucidate microglial regulation of retinal ganglion cells in neuroinflammation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- An Update and Overview of the Ocular and Extraocular Microbiome and Its Impact on Ophthalmic Care.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation in glaucoma: a myriad of cellular pathways and players.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2026Review
- Dual role of microglia in glaucoma: Regulation of neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Glaucoma and Autoimmunity: Immunopathogenic Mechanisms and Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in Primary Glaucoma: Insights into Inflammatory Pathways and Future Directions.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- IL-1-mediated vitreous inflammation as an early indicator of retinal ganglion cell loss following acute optic nerve injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Evaluation of hyperreflective spots as a novel biomarker in patients with glaucoma.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Cell-intrinsic vulnerability and immune activation cooperate to drive degeneration in a mitochondrial complex I deficiency model of optic neuropathy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Nonaxonal content of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in experimental glaucoma.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Blockade of LPAR1 Does Not Provide Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Ocular Hypertensive Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Bibliometric analysis of papers on inflammation in glaucoma from 2000 to 2025.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Tau abnormalities and microglial remodeling in glaucoma: potential links to phagocytosis-related injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Vitreous Inflammation as an Early Indicator of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss Following Acute Optic Nerve Injury in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Retinal degeneration driven by brain-derived neurotrophic factor deficiency in microglia and T-lymphocytes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal Immune Dynamics in Experimental Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury Models.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Evaluating the Optic Nerve Crush Model to Understand the Function of Microglia in Glaucoma Neuroprotection.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Article
160 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Changes in microglial cell activation and distribution are associated with neuronal decline in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly under pathological conditions. Activated microglia converge on the initial site of axonal degeneration in human glaucoma, yet their part in its pathophysiology remains unresolved. To begin with, it is unknown whether microglia activation precedes or is a late consequence of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurodegeneration. Here we address this critical element in DBA/2J (D2) mice, an established model of chronic inherited glaucoma, using as a control the congenic substrain DBA/2J Gpnmb(+/SjJ) (D2G), which is not affected by glaucoma. We analyzed the spatial distribution and timecourse of microglial changes in the retina, as well as within the proximal optic nerve prior to and throughout ages when neurodegeneration has been reported. Exclusively in D2 mice, we detected early microglia clustering in the inner central retina and unmyelinated optic nerve regions, with microglia activation peaking by 3 months of age. Between 5 and 8 months of age, activated microglia persisted and concentrated in the optic disc, but also localized to the retinal periphery. Collectively, our findings suggest microglia activation is an early alteration in the retina and optic nerve in D2 glaucoma, potentially contributing to disease onset or progression. Ultimately, detection of microglial activation may have value in early disease diagnosis, while modulation of microglial responses may alter disease progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.