Trial reportBlood2011
Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab chemoimmunotherapy is highly effective treatment for relapsed patients with CLL.
Trial report in Blood, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 188 citations in OpenAlex.
- Venetoclax alone or in combination with other regimens treatment achieve deep and sustained remission of relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Model-based cost-effectiveness analyses for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a review of methods to model disease outcomes and estimate utility.PharmacoEconomics · 2014Pooled it
- Trial
- Long-term safety of single-agent ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 3 pivotal studies.Blood advances · 2019Trial
- Pentostatin, Cyclophosphamide, and Rituximab Followed by Alemtuzumab for Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Phase 2 Trial of the ECOG-Acrin Cancer Research Group (E2903).Acta haematologica · 2019Trial
- Rituximab plus bendamustine or chlorambucil for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: primary analysis of the randomized, open-label MABLE study.Haematologica · 2018Trial
- A phase I-II trial of fludarabine, bendamustine and rituximab (FBR) in previously treated patients with CLL.Oncotarget · 2017Trial
- Ofatumumab and Lenalidomide for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Correlation between Responses and Immune Characteristics.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2016Trial
- Safety and activity of ibrutinib plus rituximab for patients with high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a single-arm, phase 2 study.The Lancet. Oncology · 2014Trial
- Eradication of bone marrow minimal residual disease may prompt early treatment discontinuation in CLL.Blood · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Phase I-II clinical trial of oxaliplatin, fludarabine, cytarabine, and rituximab therapy in aggressive relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia or Richter syndrome.Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia · 2013Trial
- Acadesine for patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): a multicenter phase I/II study.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2013Trial
- Phase II study of lenalidomide and rituximab as salvage therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Review
- Article
- Chromoanagenesis Detection in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Maintenance therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Review
- An overview of prognostic markers in patients with CLL.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Optimal management of patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is dictated by patient characteristics, prior therapy, and response to prior therapy. We report the final analysis of combined fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR) for previously treated patients with CLL and identify patients who benefit most from this therapy. We explore efficacy of FCR in patients beyond first relapse, patients with prior exposure to fludarabine and alkylating agent combinations, and patients with prior exposure to rituximab. The FCR regimen was administered to 284 previously treated patients with CLL. Patients were assessed for response and progression by 1996 National Cancer Institute-Working Group (NCI-WG) criteria for CLL and followed for survival. The overall response rate was 74%, with 30% complete remission. The estimated median overall survival was 47 months and median progression-free survival for all patients was 21 months. Subgroup analyses indicated that the following patients were most suitable for FCR treatment: patients with up to 3 prior treatments, fludarabine-sensitive patients irrespective of prior rituximab exposure, and patients without chromosome 17 abnormalities. FCR is an active and well-tolerated therapy for patients with relapsed CLL. The addition of rituximab to FC improved quality and durability of response in this patient population.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.