ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011
Correlated genotypes in friendship networks.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genotype-environment correlation by intervention effects underlying middle childhood peer rejection and associations with adolescent marijuana use.Development and psychopathology · 2022Trial
- Proximity within adolescent peer networks predicts neural similarity during affective experience.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2024Article
- Exploring Within-Gender Differences in Friendships Using an Online Social Network.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Solving the Global Opioid Crisis: Incorporating Genetic Addiction Risk Assessment with Personalized Dopaminergic Homeostatic Therapy and Awareness Integration Therapy.Journal of addiction psychiatry · 2024Article
- Popularity and Entropy in Friendship and Enmity Networks in Classrooms.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- There is chemistry in social chemistry.Science advances · 2022Article
- Extrastriatal dopamine D2/3 receptor binding, functional connectivity, and autism socio-communicational deficits: a PET and fMRI study.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- A genetic basis for friendship? Homophily for membrane-associated PDE11A-cAMP-CREB signaling in CA1 of hippocampus dictates mutual social preference in male and female mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- Why do we pick similar mates, or do we?Biology letters · 2021Review
- Evaluating the Continued Integration of Genetics into Medical Sociology.Journal of health and social behavior · 2021Article
- Are humans constantly but subconsciously smelling themselves?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2020Review
- Assortative mating at loci under recent natural selection in humans.Bio Systems · 2020Article
- Homophily in Personality Enhances Group Success Among Real-Life Friends.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- 70-year legacy of the Framingham Heart Study.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2019Review
- Cultures and Persons: Characterizing National and Other Types of Cultural Difference Can Also Aid Our Understanding and Prediction of Individual Variability.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Review
- Cluster-based network proximities for arbitrary nodal subsets.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Similar neural responses predict friendship.Nature communications · 2018Article
- The social genome of friends and schoolmates in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Network analysis of the NetHealth data: exploring co-evolution of individuals' social network positions and physical activities.Applied network science · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
It is well known that humans tend to associate with other humans who have similar characteristics, but it is unclear whether this tendency has consequences for the distribution of genotypes in a population. Although geneticists have shown that populations tend to stratify genetically, this process results from geographic sorting or assortative mating, and it is unknown whether genotypes may be correlated as a consequence of nonreproductive associations or other processes. Here, we study six available genotypes from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to test for genetic similarity between friends. Maps of the friendship networks show clustering of genotypes and, after we apply strict controls for population stratification, the results show that one genotype is positively correlated (homophily) and one genotype is negatively correlated (heterophily). A replication study in an independent sample from the Framingham Heart Study verifies that DRD2 exhibits significant homophily and that CYP2A6 exhibits significant heterophily. These unique results show that homophily and heterophily obtain on a genetic (indeed, an allelic) level, which has implications for the study of population genetics and social behavior. In particular, the results suggest that association tests should include friends' genes and that theories of evolution should take into account the fact that humans might, in some sense, be metagenomic with respect to the humans around them.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.