ReviewInfection and immunity2011
HIV-1/mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection immunology: how does HIV-1 exacerbate tuberculosis?
Review in Infection and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 264 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences in tuberculosis prevalence by sex in low- and middle-income countries over 1993-2025: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Implications of COVID-19 in high burden countries for HIV/TB: A systematic review of evidence.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Tuberculosis and its association with CD4BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of rifampin and rifabutin on the pharmacokinetics of lersivirine and effect of lersivirine on the pharmacokinetics of rifabutin and 25-O-desacetyl-rifabutin in healthy subjects.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Trial
- A phase IIa trial of the new tuberculosis vaccine, MVA85A, in HIV- and/or Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected adults.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2012Trial
- γδ T Cells at the Crossroads of Tuberculosis and COPD: From Early Immunity to Tissue Remodeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Survival and predictors of mortality among TB-HIV co-infected children attending ART clinics in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Microbial product translocation and mortality in adults hospitalised with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a prospective observational cohort study.Research square · 2026Article
- Modelling TB-HIV co-infection and evaluating intervention strategies in Thailand.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Assessing the performance of longitudinal T-lymphocytes as biomarkers of immune recovery in HIV-infected children with or without TB co-infection.Journal of applied statistics · 2026Article
- HIV impairs and exploits pulmonary Th17 and Th22 cell-mediated immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The tuberculosis-associated microenvironment promotes HIV-1 persistence by impairing CD8+ T cell-mediated viral control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The Role of Type I Interferons in Tuberculosis and in Tuberculosis-Risk-Associated Comorbidities.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of DprE1 Inhibitors to Combat Tuberculosis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Patterns of compensatory mutations in rpoA/B/C genes of multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis in Uganda.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impact of cytomegalovirus exposure on disease severity, bacterial burden, immune responses and treatment outcomes in tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- T Cell Responses during Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Vaccines · 2024Review
- Evaluating the modulation of peripheral immune profile in people living with HIV and (Neuro)cysticercosis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- The immunosuppressive tuberculosis-associated microenvironment inhibits viral replication and promotes HIV-1 latency in CD4iScience · 2024Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have become intertwined over the past few decades in a "syndemic" that exacerbates the morbidity and mortality associated with each pathogen alone. The severity of the coinfection has been extensively examined in clinical studies. The extrapolation of peripheral evidence from clinical studies has increased our basic understanding of how HIV increases susceptibility to TB. These studies have resulted in multiple hypotheses of how HIV exacerbates TB pathology through the manipulation of granulomas. Granulomas can be located in many tissues, most prominently the lungs and associated lymph nodes, and are made up of multiple immune cells that can actively contain M. tuberculosis. Granuloma-based research involving both animal models and clinical studies is needed to confirm these hypotheses, which will further our understanding of this coinfection and may lead to better treatment options. This review examines the data that support each hypothesis of how HIV manipulates TB pathology while emphasizing a need for more tissue-based experiments.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.