Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21242563›Full record

ArticleAnnals of family medicine

Card studies for observational research in practice.

John M Westfall, Linda Zittleman, Elizabeth W Staton, Bennett Parnes, Peter C Smith, Linda J Niebauer, Douglas H Fernald, Javan Quintela, Rebecca F Van Vorst, L Miriam Dickinson and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of family medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observer: creation of a novel multimodal dataset for outpatient care research.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026
    Article
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  3. Observer: Creation of a Novel Multimodal Dataset for Outpatient Care Research.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
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  4. Article
  5. Observational
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Medical Provider Recommendations to Massage Therapy: a Card Study.International journal of therapeutic massage & bodywork · 2019
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Patient-oriented health technologies: Patients' perspectives and use.Journal of mobile technology in medicine · 2017
    Article
  14. Observational
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

John M WestfallDepartment of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA. Jack.westfall@ucdenver.edu
Linda Zittleman
Elizabeth W Staton
Bennett Parnes
Peter C Smith
Linda J Niebauer
Douglas H Fernald
Javan Quintela
Rebecca F Van Vorst
L Miriam Dickinson
Wilson D Pace

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeObservational studies that collect patient-level survey data at the point-of-care are often called card studies. Card studies have been used to describe clinical problems, management, and outcomes in primary care for more than 30 years. In this article we describe 2 types of card studies and the methods for conducting them.

methodsWe undertook a descriptive review of card studies conducted in 3 Colorado practice-based research networks and several other networks throughout the United States. We summarized experiences of the State Networks of Colorado Ambulatory Practices and Partners (SNOCAP).

resultsCard studies can be designed to study specific conditions or care (clinicians complete a card when they encounter patients who meet inclusion criteria) and to determine trends and prevalence of conditions (clinicians complete a card on all patients seen during a period). Data can be collected from clinicians and patients and can be linked.

conclusionsCard studies provide cross-sectional descriptive data about clinical care, knowledge and behavior, perception of care, and prevalence of conditions. Card studies remain a robust method for describing primary care.

Indexed as

Primary Health CareResearch DesignColoradoData CollectionHumansPatientsPhysiciansStatistics as Topic

Identifiers

PMID21242563
PMCPMC3022048

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.