ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2011
Streptococcal upper respiratory tract infections and exacerbations of tic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a prospective longitudinal study.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02190292 (PANS - A Detailed Study of the Patients, Their Symptoms, Biomarkers and Treatment Offered in a Scandinavian Cohort), which is not on this map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PANS - A Detailed Study of the Patients, Their Symptoms, Biomarkers and Treatment Offered in a Scandinavian Cohort
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- On the connection between autoimmunity, tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders: a meta-analysis on anti-streptolysin O titres.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2014Pooled it
- Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS): Autoimmune Mechanisms, Diagnostic Controversies, and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health · 2026Article
- What can clinical disorders involving the basal ganglia tell us about the pathophysiology of obsessive and compulsive symptoms?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Infection-Associated Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: A Review of Immunological Mechanisms, Clinical Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Strategies.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
- PANDAS Syndrome: A Narrative Review of the Diagnostic Conundrum in Children with Acute Neuropsychiatric Symptoms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Antibody Profiles in Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome and Associated Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Youth with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation in pediatric tic disorders: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic frontiers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Frequency and impact of paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome/paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections diagnosis in Canada.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- The intricate pathogenicity of Group AVirulence · 2024Review
- Perinatal Hypoxia and Immune System Activation in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis: Critical Considerations During COVID-19 Pandemic.Physiological research · 2024Review
- PANDAS, a series of difficult decisions: a case report.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Structural Variants and Implicated Processes Associated with Familial Tourette Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Comorbidity of physical illnesses and mental disorders in outpatients with tic disorders: a retrospective study using the outpatient case system.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Article
- Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS): Myth or Reality? The State of the Art on a Controversial Disease.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Current Perspectives.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Review
- Estimate of the incidence of PANDAS and PANS in 3 primary care populations.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Immunological characterization of an Italian PANDAS cohort.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this blinded, prospective, longitudinal study was to determine whether new group A β hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections are temporally associated with exacerbations of tic or obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms in children who met published criteria for pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). A group of children with Tourette syndrome and/or OC disorder without a PANDAS history served as the comparison (non-PANDAS) group.
methodConsecutive clinical ratings of tic and OC symptom severity were obtained for 31 PANDAS subjects and 53 non-PANDAS subjects. Clinical symptoms and laboratory values (throat cultures and streptococcal antibody titers) were evaluated at regular intervals during a 25-month period. Additional testing occurred at the time of any tic or OC symptom exacerbation. New GABHS infections were established by throat swab cultures and/or recent significant rise in streptococcal antibodies. Laboratory personnel were blinded to case or control status, clinical (exacerbation or not) condition, and clinical evaluators were blinded to the laboratory results.
resultsNo group differences were observed in the number of clinical exacerbations or the number of newly diagnosed GABHS infections. On only six occasions of a total of 51 (12%), a newly diagnosed GABHS infection was followed, within 2 months, by an exacerbation of tic and/or OC symptoms. In every instance, this association occurred in the non-PANDAS group.
conclusionsThis study provides no evidence for a temporal association between GABHS infections and tic/OC symptom exacerbations in children who meet the published PANDAS diagnostic criteria.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.