Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21241503›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2011

Strong functional patterns in the evolution of eukaryotic genomes revealed by the reconstruction of ancestral protein domain repertoires.

Christian M Zmasek, Adam Godzik

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. NGATHA carpel development genes evolved in the common ancestor of seed plants.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Christian M ZmasekProgram in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Adam Godzik

Funding

Joint Center for Molecular ModelingP20GM076221 · NIGMS · SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE · PI GODZIK, ADAM · 2006 to 2009
$2.7M
Development of a comprehensive system for distant homology analysisR01GM087218 · NIGMS · SANFORD BURNHAM PREBYS MEDICAL DISCOVERY INSTITUTE · PI GODZIK, ADAM · 2009 to 2010
$955k
NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM076221NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM087218
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGenome size and complexity, as measured by the number of genes or protein domains, is remarkably similar in most extant eukaryotes and generally exhibits no correlation with their morphological complexity. Underlying trends in the evolution of the functional content and capabilities of different eukaryotic genomes might be hidden by simultaneous gains and losses of genes.

resultsWe reconstructed the domain repertoires of putative ancestral species at major divergence points, including the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). We show that, surprisingly, during eukaryotic evolution domain losses in general outnumber domain gains. Only at the base of the animal and the vertebrate sub-trees do domain gains outnumber domain losses. The observed gain/loss balance has a distinct functional bias, most strikingly seen during animal evolution, where most of the gains represent domains involved in regulation and most of the losses represent domains with metabolic functions. This trend is so consistent that clustering of genomes according to their functional profiles results in an organization similar to the tree of life. Furthermore, our results indicate that metabolic functions lost during animal evolution are likely being replaced by the metabolic capabilities of symbiotic organisms such as gut microbes.

conclusionsWhile protein domain gains and losses are common throughout eukaryote evolution, losses oftentimes outweigh gains and lead to significant differences in functional profiles. Results presented here provide additional arguments for a complex last eukaryotic common ancestor, but also show a general trend of losses in metabolic capabilities and gain in regulatory complexity during the rise of animals.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGenomeProtein Structure, TertiaryEukaryotaHumansIntestinal MucosaIntestinesMetagenomeModels, Genetic

Identifiers

PMID21241503
PMCPMC3091302

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.