ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2011
In utero exposure to butyl benzyl phthalate induces modifications in the morphology and the gene expression profile of the mammary gland: an experimental study in rats.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reproductive and developmental effects of phthalate diesters in females.Critical reviews in toxicology · 2013Pooled it
- Elevated phthalate exposure and metabolic susceptibility increased breast cancer risk: A 20-y follow-up study in Taiwan.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Association of in utero exposure to phthalate and DINCH metabolites with placental DNA methylation.Environment international · 2025Article
- Review
- Endocrine disruptors and pregnancy.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Biodegradation of DEP, DIBP, and BBP by a psychrotolerant Sphingobium yanoikuyae strain P4: Degradation potentiality and mechanism study.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Use of personal care product mixtures and incident hormone-sensitive cancers in the Sister Study: A U.S.-wide prospective cohort.Environment international · 2024Article
- PFAS and Phthalate/DINCH Exposure in Association with Age at Menarche in Teenagers of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies.Toxics · 2023Article
- Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Variability in urinary phthalates, phenols, and parabens across childhood and relation to adolescent breast composition in Chilean girls.Environment international · 2022Article
- Association of Serum Levels of Plasticizers Compounds, Phthalates and Bisphenols, in Patients and Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Real Connection?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Effects of Pubertal Exposure to Butyl Benzyl Phthalate, Perfluorooctanoic Acid, and Zeranol on Mammary Gland Development and Tumorigenesis in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and breastfeeding duration: a review.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2020Review
- Urinary Phthalate Biomarker Concentrations and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2019Article
- Risks and benefits related to alimentary exposure to xenoestrogens.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2017Review
- State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2017Review
- Quantifying Branching Density in Rat Mammary Gland Whole-mounts Using the Sholl Analysis Method.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2017Article
- Benzyl butyl phthalate decreases myogenic differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells through miR-137-mediated regulation of PITX2.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture disrupts reproduction in F1 female mice.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2017Article
- Changes in mammary histology and transcriptome profiles by low-dose exposure to environmental phenols at critical windows of development.Environmental research · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnvironmental estrogens are exogenous estrogen-mimicking compounds that can interfere with endogenous endocrine systems. Several of these endocrine disruptors have been shown to alter normal development and influence tumorigenesis in experimental models. N-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), a widely used plasticizer, is a well-known endocrine disruptor. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of prenatal exposure to BBP on the morphology, proliferative index, and genomic signature of the rat mammary gland at different ages.
methodsIn utero exposure was performed by gavage of pregnant Sprague Dawley CD rats with 120mg or 500mg BBP/kg/day from day 10 post-conception to delivery. Female litters were euthanized at 21, 35, 50 and 100 days. The morphology and proliferative index of the mammary gland were studied from whole mount preparations and BrdU incorporation, respectively. Gene expression profile was assessed by microarrays. Several genes found differentially expressed and related to different functional categories were further validated by real time RT-PCR.
resultsPrenatal exposure of BBP induced delayed vaginal opening and changes in the post-natal mammary gland long after the end of the treatment, mainly by 35 days of age. Exposure to the high dose resulted in modifications in architecture and proliferative index of the mammary gland, mostly affecting the undifferentiated terminal end buds. Moreover, the expression profiles of this gland in the exposed rats were modified in a dose-dependent fashion. Analysis of functional categories showed that modified genes were related to immune function, cell signaling, proliferation and differentiation, or metabolism.
conclusionsOur data suggest that in utero exposure to BBP induced a delayed pubertal onset and modified morphology of the mammary gland. These alterations were accompanied by modifications in gene expression previously associated with an increased susceptibility to carcinogenesis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.