ArticleNature immunology2011
IRF5 promotes inflammatory macrophage polarization and TH1-TH17 responses.
Article in Nature immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 757 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
757 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,262 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The role of IRF5 as an immune regulator.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
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- Heme Oxygenase-1 Contributes to Dampening Proinflammatory Activation in the Human Microglial Cell Line HMC3 and Controls the Transcription Factor IRF5.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Engineering the tumor immune landscape: Translating non-invasive physical stimulation into tumor-associated macrophage-targeted cancer immunotherapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Hematopoiesis could be improved by correcting aberrant bone marrow macrophages polarization in aplastic anemia patients.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Advances in the study of macrophage polarization in intervertebral disc degeneration.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- IMIREG: a lineage-resolved regulon signature unveiling immune engagement archetypes and predicting immunotherapy response across diverse cancers.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Human birth tissue products for pathological pain: mechanisms, evidence, and translational outlook.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- BCG-trained macrophages promote pan-anti-tumor activity through epigenetic rewiring of NOX2-ROS axis.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Integrative immune subtyping of HNSCC reveals clinically relevant phenotypes and treatment-associated transitions.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Inflammasomes in glioblastoma.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
697 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the gene encoding the transcription factor IRF5 that lead to higher mRNA expression are associated with many autoimmune diseases. Here we show that IRF5 expression in macrophages was reversibly induced by inflammatory stimuli and contributed to the plasticity of macrophage polarization. High expression of IRF5 was characteristic of M1 macrophages, in which it directly activated transcription of the genes encoding interleukin 12 subunit p40 (IL-12p40), IL-12p35 and IL-23p19 and repressed the gene encoding IL-10. Consequently, those macrophages set up the environment for a potent T helper type 1 (T(H)1)-T(H)17 response. Global gene expression analysis demonstrated that exogenous IRF5 upregulated or downregulated expression of established phenotypic markers of M1 or M2 macrophages, respectively. Our data suggest a critical role for IRF5 in M1 macrophage polarization and define a previously unknown function for IRF5 as a transcriptional repressor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.