ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2011
Low lopinavir plasma or hair concentrations explain second-line protease inhibitor failures in a resource-limited setting.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
URBAN ARCH (3/5) Uganda Cohort TB Preventive Therapy for HIV-infected Alcohol Users in Uganda: an Evaluation of Safety Tolerability and Adherence
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Corticosteroids/β2-agonists in Hair in Asthmatic Patients: an Open-label Feasibility Study
Investigation of the Impact of Inducible, Replication-competent Latent HIV-1 as an Impediment to HIV/AIDS Cure in the Context of Sustained Viral Suppression
Urine Tenofovir Point-of-care Test to Identify Patients in Need of ART Adherence Support (UTRA Study)
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiretroviral Concentration in Hair as a Measure for Antiretroviral Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review of Global Literature.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Second-line HIV treatment failure in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Defining a Cutoff for Atazanavir in Hair Samples Associated With Virological Failure Among Adolescents Failing Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Lopinavir in HIV-Infected Children on Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Asia.Therapeutic drug monitoring · 2016Trial
- Efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir versus efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected pregnant Ugandan women.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Comparing the novel method of assessing PrEP adherence/exposure using hair samples to other pharmacologic and traditional measures.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir and efavirenz in food insecure HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women in Tororo, Uganda.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Hair and plasma data show that lopinavir, ritonavir, and efavirenz all transfer from mother to infant in utero, but only efavirenz transfers via breastfeeding.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
- Trial
- A Text Messaging-Based Support Intervention to Enhance Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention Adherence During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Therapeutic drug monitoring of corticosteroids/βFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Measurement Tools and Utility of Hair Analysis for Screening Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication.Global heart · 2023Review
- Drug Resistance, Rather than Low Tenofovir Levels in Blood or Urine, Is Associated with Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, and Efavirenz Failure in Resource-Limited Settings.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- Hair Zidovudine Concentrations Predict Virologic Outcomes Among People Living with HIV/AIDS in China.Patient preference and adherence · 2022Article
- Tenofovir diphosphate levels in dried blood spots are associated with virologic failure and resistance to first-line therapy in South Africa: a case-control cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- Article
- Tenofovir and emtricitabine concentrations in hair are comparable between individuals on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus tenofovir alafenamide-based ART.Drug testing and analysis · 2021Article
- Virological failure and HIV drug resistance among adults living with HIV on second-line antiretroviral therapy in the Asia-Pacific.HIV medicine · 2021Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn resource-limited settings, many patients, with no prior protease inhibitor (PI) treatment on a second-line, high genetic barrier, ritonavir-boosted PI-containing regimen have virologic failure.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate the aetiology of virologic failure in 2 public health antiretroviral clinics in South Africa documenting the prevalence of virologic failure (HIV RNA load >500 copies/mL) and genotypic antiretroviral resistance; and lopinavir hair and plasma concentrations in a nested case-control study.
resultsNinety-three patients treated with a second-line regimen including lopinavir boosted with ritonavir were included, of whom 50 (25 cases, with virologic failure and 25 controls) were included in a nested case control study. Of 93 patients, 37 (40%) had virological failure, only 2 of them had had major PI mutations. The negative predictive values: probability of failure with lopinavir plasma concentration >1 µg/mL or hair concentrations >3.63 ng/mg for virologic failure were 86% and 89%, and positive predictive values of low concentrations 73% and 79%, respectively, whereas all virologic failures with HIV RNA loads above 1000 copies per milliliter, of patients without PI resistance, could be explained by either having a low lopinavir concentration in plasma or hair.
conclusionsMost patients who fail a lopinavir/ritonavir regimen, in our setting, have poor lopinavir exposure. A threshold plasma lopinavir concentration (indicating recent lopinavir/ritonavir use) and/or hair concentration (indicating longer term lopinavir exposure) are valuable in determining the aetiology of virologic failure and identifying patients in need of adherence counselling or resistance testing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.