Trial reportPain2011
Evaluation of menstrual cycle effects on morphine and pentazocine analgesia.
Trial report in Pain, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in the response to opioids for pain relief: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pharmacological research · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Sex and Chronic Stress Alter the Distribution of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor in Rat Hippocampus Following Oxycodone Conditioned Place Preference.Synapse (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the effects of chronic stress and oxycodone associative learning on glial markers in rat hippocampus.Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cross-sectional relationships between spinal cord gray matter volume and pain in individuals with fibromyalgia and opioid use.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The role of androgens on experimental pain sensitivity: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Pain reports · 2025Review
- The Impact of Diclofenac Suppositories on Post-Cesarean Section Pain: A Systematic Literature Review.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2025Review
- Sex Hormone Levels and Pain Thresholds in the Luteal Phase of Healthy Women.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- The role of gonadal hormones in regulating opioid antinociception.Annals of medicine · 2024Review
- Assessment of Preferences in Taking Painkillers among Students of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy: A Pilot Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Sex differences in opioid response: a role for the gut microbiome?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Estradiol and Mu opioid-mediated reward: The role of estrogen receptors in opioid use.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Changes in sex hormones and their interactions are related to pain perception between different menstrual subphases.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2023Article
- The importance of translationally evaluating steroid hormone contributions to substance use.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2023Review
- Sex/Gender Differences in the Time-Course for the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Focus on the Telescoping Effect.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Sex and chronic stress alter the distribution of glutamate receptors within rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells following oxycodone conditioned place preference.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Article
- Sex differences in the rodent hippocampal opioid system following stress and oxycodone associated learning processes.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2022Review
- Involvement of the nociceptin opioid peptide receptor in morphine-induced antinociception, tolerance and physical dependence in female mice.Metabolic brain disease · 2021Article
- Behavioral sex differences in cocaine and opioid use disorders: The role of gonadal hormones.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated menstrual cycle influences on basal pain perception, but direct evidence of menstrual cycle influences on analgesic responses has not been reported in humans. Our aim was to determine whether the magnitude of morphine and pentazocine analgesia varied across the menstrual cycle. Sixty-five healthy women, 35 taking oral contraceptives (OC) and 30 normally cycling (NOC), underwent experimental pain assessment both before and after intravenous administration morphine (0.08mg/kg) or pentazocine (0.5mg/kg) compared to saline placebo. Both active drug and placebo were administered once during the follicular phase and once during the luteal phase. Measures of heat, ischemic, and pressure pain sensitivity were obtained before and after drug administration. Change scores in pain responses were computed to determine morphine and pentazocine analgesic responses, and medication side effects were recorded. The data were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. NOC women showed slightly greater heat pain sensitivity in the follicular vs luteal phase, while the reverse pattern emerged for OC women (P=0.046). Also, OC women showed lower pressure pain thresholds compared to NOC women (P<0.05). Regarding analgesic responses, NOC women showed greater morphine analgesia for ischemic pain during the follicular vs the luteal phase (P=0.004). Likewise, side effects for morphine were significantly higher in NOC women in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase (P=0.02). These findings suggest that sex hormones may influence opioid responses; however, the effects vary across medications and pain modalities and are likely to be modest in magnitude. Limited menstrual cycle effects on baseline pain responses were observed; however, morphine analgesia and side effects were greater during the follicular phase.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.