ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2011
Exercise and leukocyte interchange among central circulation, lung, spleen, and muscle.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Amino acid supplementation accelerates resolution of exercise-induced phagocyte infiltration in human skeletal muscle.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Aerobic exercise induces tumor suppressor p16Aging · 2020Trial
- An attempt to induce an immunomodulatory effect in rowers with spirulina extract.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2018Trial
- The effect of various cold-water immersion protocols on exercise-induced inflammatory response and functional recovery from high-intensity sprint exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2014Trial
- Ambient Cold Exposure Modulates B-Cell Distribution via Glucocorticoid-CXCR4 Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Integrating Bone-Brain Axis Modulation and Tea Consumption for Enhancing Neurovascular Resilience and Patient Rehabilitation Education.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- High mobility group box 1: DAMPening the danger molecule in cardiovascular disease with exercise.Cell stress & chaperones · 2026Review
- The Immune System as a Biosensor of Health and Athletic Performance.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Review
- Article
- Intra-apheresis Cycling to Improve the Clinical Efficacy of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Donations.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
- The Effect of Exercise on Immune Response in Population with Increased Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Review
- The Impact of Acute Exercise on Blood Work Parameters: A Case Report of a Healthy Male University Student.Cureus · 2024Article
- Brief cycling intervals incrementally increase the number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in human peripheral blood.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Exercise intensity governs tumor control in mice with breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Whispers in the Blood: Leveraging MicroRNAs for Unveiling Autologous Blood Doping in Athletes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Influence of Metabolism on Immune Response: A Journey to Understand Immunometabolism in the Context of Viral Infection.Viruses · 2023Review
- Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic by strengthening immunity as a nonpharmaceutical intervention: A major public health challenge.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Effect of Acute High-Intensity Interval Training on Immune Function and Oxidative Stress in Canoe/Kayak Athletes.Biology · 2023Article
- Respiratory issues in patients with multiple sclerosis as a risk factor during SARS-CoV-2 infection: a potential role for exercise.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Circulating leukocytes increase rapidly with exercise then quickly decrease when the exercise ends. We tested whether exercise acutely led to bidirectional interchange of leukocytes between the circulation and the lung, spleen, and active skeletal muscle. To accomplish this it was necessary to label a large number of immune cells (granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes) in a way that resulted in minimal perturbation of cell function. Rats were injected intravenously with a single bolus of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinamidyl ester (CFSE) dye which is rapidly and irreversibly taken up by circulating cells. The time course of the disappearance of labeled cells and their reappearance in the circulation following exercise was determined via flow cytometry. The majority of circulating leukocytes were labeled at 4h. post-injection and this proportion slowly declined out to 120 h. At both 24 and 120 h, running resulted in an increase in the proportion of labeled leukocytes in the circulation. Analysis of the skeletal muscle, spleen and lung indicated that labeled leukocytes had accumulated in those tissues and were mobilized to the circulation in response to exercise. This indicates that there is an ongoing exchange of leukocytes between the circulation and tissues and that exercise can stimulate their redistribution. Exchange was slower with muscle than with spleen and lung, but in all cases, influenced by exercise. Exercise bouts redistribute leukocytes between the circulation and the lung, spleen and muscle. The modulatory effects of exercise on the immune system may be regulated in part by the systemic redistribution of immune cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.