Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21233852›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2011

Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease.

Marc Y Donath, Steven E Shoelson

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07139405 (A Double-Blind, Randomized, Active-Controlled Phase 2a Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of TriGlytza®-01 in Overweight and Obese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycaemic Control Despite Metformin Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,782 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,782citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
136.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07139405 phase2not yet recruitingstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Double-Blind, Randomized, Active-Controlled Phase 2a Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of TriGlytza®-01 in Overweight and Obese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycaemic Control Despite Metformin Therapy

Ran2026Enrolled48Registered outcomes11Posted comparisons0ConditionsType 2 Diabetes (T2DM)ArmsCelecoxib, Metformin XR, valsartan
PMID 28330649other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,782 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,603 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Obesity-Related Coagulation Activation in Adolescents and Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
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  5. Association between diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Pooled it
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  13. Trial
  14. Review
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1,722 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Marc Y DonathClinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. MDonath@uhbs.ch
Steven E Shoelson
Hospital Base · CLJoslin Diabetes Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Components of the immune system are altered in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), with the most apparent changes occurring in adipose tissue, the liver, pancreatic islets, the vasculature and circulating leukocytes. These immunological changes include altered levels of specific cytokines and chemokines, changes in the number and activation state of various leukocyte populations and increased apoptosis and tissue fibrosis. Together, these changes suggest that inflammation participates in the pathogenesis of T2D. Preliminary results from clinical trials with salicylates and interleukin-1 antagonists support this notion and have opened the door for immunomodulatory strategies for the treatment of T2D that simultaneously lower blood glucose levels and potentially reduce the severity and prevalence of the associated complications of this disease.

Indexed as

ApoptosisCell HypoxiaClinical Trials as TopicDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2HumansInflammationInsulinInterleukin-1MAP Kinase Kinase 4NF-kappa BReceptors, Interleukin-1InsulinInterleukin-1MAP Kinase Kinase 4NF-kappa BReceptors, Interleukin-1

Identifiers

PMID21233852
OpenAlexW2150367899

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.