ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2011
The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 373 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
373 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 647 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glutathione in Skin Aging and Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review of Molecular Mechanisms, Redox Modulation, and Biomedical Implications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Advances in Molecular Research of Tracheobronchial Tree Aging: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Role of Probiotics in Stimulating the Immune System in Viral Respiratory Tract Infections: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Reduced occludin and claudin-7 expression is associated with urban locations and exposure to second-hand smoke in allergic rhinitis patients.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Review
- Interferon-Associated Transcriptional Responses Are Preserved in Human Asthmatic Airway Epithelial Cells During Viral Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Tonic and early interferons defend against respiratory viruses in primary human lung organoid-derived air-liquid interface cultures.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Article
- Investigating the impact of poly(beta amino) ester-mediated FOXJ1 mRNA delivery on differentiation of primary human bronchial epithelial cells.Biology open · 2026Article
- Coordinated immune-epithelial dynamics in the nasal epithelium protect against respiratory virus infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Lung Microbiome Diversity, Infection Dynamics, and Microbe-Mediated Cross-Protection.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- The adult nasal mucosa is defined by distinct immune profiles that modulate in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: Targets for lung repair.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- CLDN7: Epithelial gatekeeper from physiology to pathology‑roles in cancer and epithelial‑related diseases (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- 3D Single-Virus Tracking: Advances in Methodology and Labeling Strategies Towards Probing the Virus-Epithelium Interaction.Viruses · 2026Review
- Mono- and co-infections of primary porcine respiratory cells withInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Extracellular Matrix-Derived Matrikines: Circulating Peptides as Candidate Mediators of Lung-to-Brain Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Lung organoids as a human system for Mycobacteria infection modeling and drug testing.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- The adult nasal mucosa is defined by distinct immune profiles that modulate in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection.Research square · 2026Article
313 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The airway epithelium acts as a frontline defense against respiratory viruses, not only as a physical barrier and through the mucociliary apparatus but also through its immunological functions. It initiates multiple innate and adaptive immune mechanisms which are crucial for efficient antiviral responses. The interaction between respiratory viruses and airway epithelial cells results in production of antiviral substances, including type I and III interferons, lactoferrin, β-defensins, and nitric oxide, and also in production of cytokines and chemokines, which recruit inflammatory cells and influence adaptive immunity. These defense mechanisms usually result in rapid virus clearance. However, respiratory viruses elaborate strategies to evade antiviral mechanisms and immune responses. They may disrupt epithelial integrity through cytotoxic effects, increasing paracellular permeability and damaging epithelial repair mechanisms. In addition, they can interfere with immune responses by blocking interferon pathways and by subverting protective inflammatory responses toward detrimental ones. Finally, by inducing overt mucus secretion and mucostasis and by paving the way for bacterial infections, they favor lung damage and further impair host antiviral mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.