ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2011
Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 575 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
575 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Epidemiology of Giardia Species in Different Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Acta parasitologica · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of gastrointestinal parasites inFrontiers in parasitology · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis infections in humans in Thailand: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Global prevalence of Giardia infection in nonhuman mammalian hosts: A systematic review and meta-analysis of five million animals.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Pooled it
- A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Giardia duodenalis in Rabbits: Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity and Possible Zoonotic Concerns.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Pooled it
- How long do bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses retain their replication capacity on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review examining environmental resilience versus healthcare-associated infection risk by "fomite-borne risk assessment".Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines on Water Treatment for Wilderness, International Travel, and Austere Situations: 2024 Update.Wilderness & environmental medicine · 2024Guideline
- A 'One Health' perspective of Africa-wide distribution and prevalence of Giardia species in humans, animals and waterbodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasitology · 2023Pooled it
- Seasonal Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in Dairy Cattle from an Intensive Farm in Inner Mongolia, China.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Multiple Strains of Trichomonas gallinae are Widespread in Reservoir Hosts and Environmental Resources in UK Farmland.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Article
- Occurrence and Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in Animals in Portugal: Novel Data and Public Health Implications.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- Molecular characterization and zoonotic potential ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2026Article
- Multilocus Oxford Nanopore sequencing reveals genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface and wastewater in Southwestern Colombia.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Regarding the Zoonotic Transmission ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Seasonally Varying Effects of Improved Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing Interventions onOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence and molecular characterisation ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal Parasites in Pigs in Southern Mozambique: Prevalence, Diversity and Their Importance in Public and Animal Health.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology and genotype diversity of Dientamoeba fragilis in a Czech hospital-based cohort: higher prevalence in paediatric patients and evidence of mixed G1/G2 infection in a single patient.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Analysis ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
515 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Molecular diagnostic tools have been used recently in assessing the taxonomy, zoonotic potential, and transmission of Giardia species and giardiasis in humans and animals. The results of these studies have firmly established giardiasis as a zoonotic disease, although host adaptation at the genotype and subtype levels has reduced the likelihood of zoonotic transmission. These studies have also identified variations in the distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes among geographic areas and between domestic and wild ruminants and differences in clinical manifestations and outbreak potentials of assemblages A and B. Nevertheless, our efforts in characterizing the molecular epidemiology of giardiasis and the roles of various animals in the transmission of human giardiasis are compromised by the lack of case-control and longitudinal cohort studies and the sampling and testing of humans and animals living in the same community, the frequent occurrence of infections with mixed genotypes and subtypes, and the apparent heterozygosity at some genetic loci for some G. duodenalis genotypes. With the increased usage of multilocus genotyping tools, the development of next-generation subtyping tools, the integration of molecular analysis in epidemiological studies, and an improved understanding of the population genetics of G. duodenalis in humans and animals, we should soon have a better appreciation of the molecular epidemiology of giardiasis, the disease burden of zoonotic transmission, the taxonomy status and virulences of various G. duodenalis genotypes, and the ecology of environmental contamination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.