ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2011
Cytokine/anti-cytokine therapy - novel treatments for asthma?
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of Response to Biologics for Severe Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Allergy · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of L-theanine supplementation on the immune system of athletes exposed to strenuous physical exercise.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2019Trial
- Lung Microbiome Diversity, Infection Dynamics, and Microbe-Mediated Cross-Protection.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress enhances the expression of TLR3-induced TSLP by airway epithelium.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
- ITGAM-macrophage modulation as a potential strategy for treating neutrophilic Asthma: insights from bioinformatics analysis and in vivo experiments.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2024Article
- The Role of IL-33/ST2 in COPD and Its Future as an Antibody Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Large-scale antibody immune response mapping of splenic B cells and bone marrow plasma cells in a transgenic mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Inhibition of γ-glutamyl transferase suppresses airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in a mouse model of steroid resistant asthma exacerbation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Inner Ear Therapies-Pathophysiological, Manufacturing, and Clinical Considerations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Nuclear receptor Nr1d1 alleviates asthma by abating GATA3 gene expression and Th2 cell differentiation.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- Article
- Inhibition of Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Restores Glucocorticoid Sensitivity to Improve Steroid-Resistant Asthma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- The link between atopic dermatitis and asthma- immunological imbalance and beyond.Asthma research and practice · 2021Review
- The expression and function of programmed death-ligand 1 and related cytokines in neutrophilic asthma.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- MicroRNA miR-146a-5p inhibits the inflammatory response and injury of airway epithelial cells via targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 6.Bioengineered · 2021Article
- From Biomarkers to Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- New Insights into the Role of PD-1 and Its Ligands in Allergic Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The magnitude of airway remodeling is not altered by distinct allergic inflammatory responses in BALB/c versus C57BL/6 mice but matrix composition differs.Immunology and cell biology · 2021Article
- CpG oligodeoxynucleotides attenuate RORγt-mediated Th17 response by restoring histone deacetylase-2 in cigarette smoke-exposure asthma.Cell & bioscience · 2021Article
- Asthma-COPD overlap: current understanding and the utility of experimental models.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2021Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways and there are no preventions or cures. Inflammatory cells through the secretion of cytokines and pro-inflammatory molecules are thought to play a critical role in pathogenesis. Type 2 CD4(+) lymphocytes (Th2 cells) and their cytokines predominate in mild to moderate allergic asthma, whereas severe steroid-resistant asthma has more of a mixed Th2/Th1 phenotype with a Th17 component. Other immune cells, particularly neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells, as well structural cells such as epithelial and airway smooth muscle cells also produce disease-associated cytokines in asthma. Increased levels of these immune cells and cytokines have been identified in clinical samples and their potential role in disease demonstrated in studies using mouse models of asthma. Clinical trials with inhibitors of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, -5 and tumour necrosis factor-α have had success in some studies but not others. This may reflect the design of the clinical trials, including treatments regimes and the patient population included in these studies. IL-13, -9 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor are currently being evaluated in clinical trials or preclinically and the outcome of these studies is eagerly awaited. Roles for IL-25, -33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interferon-γ, IL-17 and -27 in the regulation of asthma are just emerging, identifying new ways to treat inflammation. Careful interpretation of results from mouse studies will inform the development and application of therapeutic approaches for asthma. The most effective approaches may be combination therapies that suppress multiple cytokines and a range of redundant and disconnected pathways that separately contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Astute application of these approaches may eventually lead to the development of effective asthma therapeutics. Here we review the current state of knowledge in the field.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.