ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2011
Update on roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- A 7-point evidence-based care discharge protocol for patients hospitalized for exacerbation of COPD: consensus strategy and expert recommendation.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of HPP737, a Novel PDE4 Inhibitor, in Healthy Chinese Participants: Phase I Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Adherence to roflumilast under dose-escalation strategy in Korean patients with COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2019Trial
- Use of a 4-week up-titration regimen of roflumilast in patients with severe COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2018Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of Roflumilast and Its Active Metabolite Roflumilast N-Oxide in Healthy Chinese Subjects After Single and Multiple Oral Doses.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2017Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Roflumilast in Korean Patients with COPD.Yonsei medical journal · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Novel Phosphodiesterase‑2 Inhibitors Discovered via Structure-Based Virtual Screening Targeting the Allosteric GAF‑B Domain.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Review
- Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Current Therapeutics, and Future Perspectives.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Current Therapeutics, and Future Perspectives.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibitors and their applications in recent years (2014 to early 2025).Molecular diversity · 2026Review
- Breaking barriers in pulmonary health of patients with metabolic diseases: senolytics and beyond.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Psychiatric events induced by roflumilast: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- ALDH2 regulates oxaliplatin sensitivity via PDE4B in p53-mutant colorectal cancer.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Roflumilast prevented tissue damage caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis via anti-inflammatory action.PloS one · 2026Article
- Chronic lung diseases and kidney disease: pathophysiology and management.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibition: An Experimental Approach to Overcome Drug Resistance in a Rotenone-Corneal 6 Hz Kindling Mouse Model of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Establishing PDE4 as a Novel Target of Urolithin-A in Mitigating LPS-induced Inflammation in Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Article
- Flow Process for Production of Crisaborole Using Organolithium Chemistry with Control over Impurity Formation.ACS omega · 2025Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a member of the PDE enzyme superfamily that inactivates cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and is the main PDE isoenzyme occurring in cells involved in inflammatory airway disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a preventable and treatable disease and is characterized by airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible. Chronic progressive symptoms, particularly dyspnoea, chronic bronchitis and impaired overall health are worse in those who have frequent, acute episodes of symptom exacerbation. Although several experimental PDE4 inhibitors are in clinical development, roflumilast, a highly selective PDE4 inhibitor, is the first in its class to be licensed, and has recently been approved in several countries for oral, once-daily treatment of severe COPD. Clinical trials have demonstrated that roflumilast improves lung function and reduces exacerbation frequency in COPD. Furthermore, its unique mode of action may offer the potential to target the inflammatory processes underlying COPD. Roflumilast is effective when used concomitantly with all forms of bronchodilator and even in patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids. Roflumilast thus represents an important addition to current therapeutic options for COPD patients with chronic bronchitis, including those who remain symptomatic despite treatment. This article reviews the current status of PDE4 inhibitors, focusing on the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of roflumilast. In particular, it provides an overview of the effects of roflumilast on lung function and exacerbations, glucose homoeostasis and weight loss, and the concomitant use of long-acting beta(2)-adrenergic receptor agonists and short-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.