Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21227492›Full record

ArticleLancet (London, England)2011

Health care and equity in India.

Y Balarajan, S Selvaraj, S V Subramanian

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 364 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
364citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

364 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Barriers and Enablers to Seeking Eye Care Among the Adult Indian Population: A Systematic Review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026
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304 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Y BalarajanDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
S Selvaraj
S V Subramanian

Funding

Asthma Disparities: Advancing Multilevel Causal ModelsK25HL081275 · NHLBI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI SUBRAMANIAN, SANKARAN VENKATA · 2005 to 2009
$717k
NHLBI NIH HHS K25 HL081275
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In India, despite improvements in access to health care, inequalities are related to socioeconomic status, geography, and gender, and are compounded by high out-of-pocket expenditures, with more than three-quarters of the increasing financial burden of health care being met by households. Health-care expenditures exacerbate poverty, with about 39 million additional people falling into poverty every year as a result of such expenditures. We identify key challenges for the achievement of equity in service provision, and equity in financing and financial risk protection in India. These challenges include an imbalance in resource allocation, inadequate physical access to high-quality health services and human resources for health, high out-of-pocket health expenditures, inflation in health spending, and behavioural factors that affect the demand for appropriate health care. Use of equity metrics in monitoring, assessment, and strategic planning; investment in development of a rigorous knowledge base of health-systems research; development of a refined equity-focused process of deliberative decision making in health reform; and redefinition of the specific responsibilities and accountabilities of key actors are needed to try to achieve equity in health care in India. The implementation of these principles with strengthened public health and primary-care services will help to ensure a more equitable health care for India's population.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesChildChild MortalityDelivery of Health CareEducational StatusFees and ChargesGovernment RegulationHealth ExpendituresHealth PolicyHealth PrioritiesHealth Services AccessibilityHealth Services Needs and DemandHealth WorkforceHumansIndiaInflation, Economic

Identifiers

PMID21227492
PMCPMC3093249

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.