Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21225850›Full record

ArticleDepression and anxiety2011

The effects of latent variables in the development of comorbidity among common mental disorders.

Ronald C Kessler, Brian J Cox, Jennifer Greif Green, Johan Ormel, Katie A McLaughlin, Kathleen Ries Merikangas, Maria Petukhova, Daniel S Pine, Leo J Russo, Joel Swendsen and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Depression and anxiety, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. The Impact of COVID-19 Related Social Distancing on Mental Health Outcomes: A Transdiagnostic Account.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ronald C KesslerDepartment of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. kessler@hcp.med.harvard.edu
Brian J Cox
Jennifer Greif Green
Johan Ormel
Katie A McLaughlin
Kathleen Ries Merikangas
Maria Petukhova
Daniel S Pine
Leo J Russo
Joel Swendsen
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
Alan M Zaslavsky

Funding

fMRI Studies Of Pediatric Mood And Anxiety DisordersZIAMH002781 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI PINE, DANIEL · 2009 to 2025
$41.5M
EPIDEMIOLOGY-- NATIONAL COMORBIDITY SURVEY REPLICATIONU01MH060220 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 1999 to 2010
$18.7M
MENTAL DISORDERS AS RISK FACTORS FOR SUBSTANCE DISORDERSR01DA012058 · NIDA · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 1999 to 2003
$6.3M
Risk Factors for Psychopathology in the WHO WMH SurveysR01MH070884 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 2005 to 2009
$6.0M
National Comorbidity Survey - Adolescent (NCS-A)ZIAMH002808 · NIMH · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH · PI MERIKANGAS, KATHLEEN R · 2009 to 2015
$3.2M
Psychometric Analyses of the CIDI-AR01MH066627 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI ZASLAVSKY, ALAN M · 2002 to 2007
$2.3M
Social Role Disability and Mental-Physical Co-MorbidityR01MH069864 · NIMH · KAISER FOUNDATION HEALTH PLAN OF WASHINGTON · PI VON KORFF, MICHAEL R · 2004 to 2007
$2.2M
CROSS-NATIONAL STUDIES OF DRUG INVOLVEMENT: WMH2000R01DA016558 · NIDA · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ANTHONY, JAMES CHRISTOPHER · 2003 to 2008
$1.7M
Drug Dependence Epidemiology and EnviromicsK05DA015799 · NIDA · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ANTHONY, JAMES CHRISTOPHER · 2003 to 2015
$1.4M
Prevalence of and Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal BehaviorsR01MH077883 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI NOCK, MATTHEW K · 2007 to 2009
$1.4M
EPIDEMIOLOGY--ALCOHOL, DRUG ABUSE, AND MENTAL DISORDERSR01MH046376 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI KESSLER, RONALD C · 1989 to 2000
$744k
World Mental Health Consortium Annual Meeting 2003-07R13MH066849 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HEERINGA, STEVEN G · 2003 to 2007
$735k
CIHRFIC NIH HHS R03 TW006481FIC NIH HHS R03-TW006481Intramural NIH HHSNIDA NIH HHS K05 DA015799NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA012058NIDA NIH HHS R01DA012058NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA016558NIDA NIH HHS R01-DA016558NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH046376NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH066627NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH069864NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH069864NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070884NIMH NIH HHS R01MH070884NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH077883NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH077883NIMH NIH HHS R01-MH66627NIMH NIH HHS R13 MH066849NIMH NIH HHS R13-MH066849NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH060220NIMH NIH HHS U01MH060220-09S1NIMH NIH HHS U01MH60220NIMH NIH HHS U13 MH066849
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough numerous studies have examined the role of latent predispositions to internalizing and externalizing disorders in the structure of comorbidity among common mental disorders, none examined latent predispositions in predicting development of comorbidity.

methodsA novel method was used to study the role of latent variables in the development of comorbidity among lifetime DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Surveys. Broad preliminary findings are briefly presented to describe the method. The method used survival analysis to estimate time-lagged associations among 18 lifetime DSM-IV anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders. A novel estimation approach examined the extent to which these predictive associations could be explained by latent canonical variables representing internalizing and externalizing disorders.

resultsConsistently significant positive associations were found between temporally primary and secondary disorders. Within-domain time-lagged associations were generally stronger than between-domain associations. The vast majority of associations were explained by a model that assumed mediating effects of latent internalizing and externalizing variables, although the complexity of this model differed across samples. A number of intriguing residual associations emerged that warrant further investigation.

conclusionsThe good fit of the canonical model suggests that common causal pathways account for most comorbidity among the disorders considered. These common pathways should be the focus of future research on the development of comorbidity. However, the existence of several important residual associations shows that more is involved than simple mediation. The method developed to carry out these analyses provides a unique way to pinpoint these significant residual associations for subsequent focused study.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAnxiety DisordersComorbidityCross-Sectional StudiesDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersHealth SurveysHumansInternal-External ControlLongitudinal StudiesMental DisordersMiddle AgedModels, PsychologicalModels, StatisticalMood DisordersMultivariate Analysis

Identifiers

PMID21225850
PMCPMC3228602

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.