ReviewJournal of general internal medicine2011
The challenging pelvic examination.
Review in Journal of general internal medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 45 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Can We Improve the Comfort of Pelvic Exams?
Examining the Effect of Virtual Reality on Pain and Anxiety Management During Pelvic Examination
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers to uptake of cervical cancer screening services in low-and-middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMC women's health · 2022Pooled it
- Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Endometrial injury for pregnancy following sexual intercourse or intrauterine insemination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- The Clinical Impact of Patient Embarrassment in Gynecology: A Comprehensive Review of Barriers, Consequences, and Mitigation Strategies.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Factors influencing cervical cancer symptom help-seeking behavior: a qualitative study from a social ecological perspective.Gynecology and pelvic medicine · 2026Article
- The Callascope: A portable, user-friendly, speculum-free device for diagnostic imaging of cervical cancer precursor lesions.npj women's health · 2026Article
- Patient-Controlled Sedation During Gynaecological Procedures-Aspects of Patient Satisfaction, Feasibility and Cost Per Patient: Empirical Research Quantitative.Nursing open · 2025Article
- Adherence and Correlates of Cervical Cancer Screening Among East African Immigrant Women in Washington State.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Advancing equity in cervical cancer screening for sexual and gender minoritized people assigned female at birth (SGM AFAB) in the United States: recommendations from healthcare equity leaders.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Disparities in Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening Among Sexual Minority Women in Japan: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Cancers · 2025Article
- Exploring Turkish women's gynecological examination perceptions based on their metaphors: a qualitative study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Barriers to Routine Gynecological Care in Young Adult Females in the United States.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Patients Prefer Being Offered a Mirror to See Their Cervix and External Genitalia During Well-Exams while Clinician Perceptions May Create Barriers to Offering a Mirror: A Mixed Methods Study in a Primary Care Setting.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Patient acceptability of CITOBOT for cervical cancer screening: A mixed-method study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Sexually Active Cisgender Female Adolescent With Red Urine and Abdominal Pain.Clinical pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Utility of Gynecological Teaching Associates.Cureus · 2023Article
- Article
- An Innovative Design for the Vaginal Speculum.Medical devices (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- The Risk Factors for Cervical Cytological Abnormalities Among Women Infected With Non-16/18 High-Risk Human Papillomavirus: Cross-sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While there is a large body of evidence on the effectiveness of Pap smears for cervical cancer screening and on screening for cervical gonorrhea and Chlamydia, there is sparse evidence to support other portions of the pelvic examination and little guidance on examination logistics. Maximizing comfort should be the goal; lubrication use and careful speculum selection and insertion can ease this intrusive procedure. This is particularly important in adolescent and menopausal women, sexual minorities, obese women, women with disabilities, and women with a history of trauma or prior instrumentation affecting the genitalia. We review the evidence and provide guidance to minimize physical and psychological discomfort with pelvic examination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.