ReviewPsychopharmacology2011
Gene-environment interactions: early life stress and risk for depressive and anxiety disorders.
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 120 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
120 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 267 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurobiological insights into the effects of ultra-processed food on lipid metabolism and associated mental health conditions: a scoping review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and secondary data analysis of the interactions between the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and environmental and psychological factors in eating disorders.Journal of psychiatric research · 2017Pooled it
- Major depressive disorder is associated with broad impairments on neuropsychological measures of executive function: a meta-analysis and review.Psychological bulletin · 2013Pooled it
- Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Interaction between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and traumatic childhood events predicts depression.Translational psychiatry · 2013Trial
- Childhood Maltreatment and Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Dynamics of Fear-Generalization Processes and Their Predictive Value for the Development of Anxiety-Related Psychopathology in Adolescents and Adults: A Study Protocol for a Longitudinal Study.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2026Article
- Increased beta-band salience network connectivity predicts 12-month longitudinal changes in depressive and anxiety symptom severity in young adults: a resting-state EEG study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- The HPA axis and kynurenine pathway: exploring the role of stress and neuroinflammation in treatment-resistant depression.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- The Etiopathogenic Mosaic of Suicidal Behaviour.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mood disorders and 5-HTR2A genetic variants - the moderator effect of inflammation on expression of affective polarity phenotype.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Enduring Neurobiological Consequences of Early-Life Stress: Insights from Rodent Behavioral Paradigms.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- An overview of preclinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI): relevance to pathophysiological mechanisms.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- The Role of Serotonin in Fear Learning and Memory: A Systematic Review of Human Studies.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Baby Brains at Work: How Task-Based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Can Illuminate the Early Emergence of Psychiatric Risk.Biological psychiatry · 2023Review
- Climate Change, Disasters, and Mental Health of Adolescents in India.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Psychological factors associated with COVID-19 related anxiety and depression in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.PloS one · 2023Article
- First Onset in Adulthood of Mental Disorders: Exposure to WarClinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2023Article
- Cross-sectional analysis reveals COVID-19 pandemic community lockdown was linked to dysregulated cortisol and salivary alpha amylase in children.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Hypnotherapy for agoraphobia-Feasibility and efficacy investigated in a pilot study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
60 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationalePrior reviews have examined how stress, broadly defined, interacts with genetic diathesis in the pathogenesis of internalizing (i.e., depressive and anxiety) disorders. Recent findings have suggested a unique role for early life stress (ELS) in the development of internalizing disorders, contributing to the rapid proliferation of research in this area.
objectiveThis paper critically reviews studies in humans examining gene-environment interaction (GxE) effects of ELS on the risk for depression and anxiety, primarily from a candidate gene perspective. Major methodological challenges that are unique to such studies are considered.
resultsThe majority of published studies have focused on candidates that regulate the serotonin system, especially the serotonin transporter. More recent work has addressed interactions of ELS with candidates from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurotrophin system. Available studies vary greatly with respect to definitions of ELS, examination of gene-gene interactions, consideration of gender effects, and attention to analytic limitations.
conclusionsOverall, there is support for GxE effects of ELS on the risk for depressive and anxiety outcomes. Future studies of ELS in this context will require careful attention to methodologic considerations. Such studies would benefit from more systematic assessment of positive environmental factors (e.g., social support) and greater utilization of developmentally sensitive paradigms.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.