ArticleJournal of cell science2011
The human NKG2D ligand ULBP2 can be expressed at the cell surface with or without a GPI anchor and both forms can activate NK cells.
Article in Journal of cell science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing the NKG2D immune surveillance pathway using engineered T-cells for the treatment of human disease.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Longitudinal Dynamics of Soluble NKG2D Ligands in Mild and Moderate Coronavirus Disease-2019.Yonago acta medica · 2026Article
- ULBP2 CAR-T cells enhance gastric cancer immunotherapy by inhibiting CAF activation.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Integrated multi-omics analysis of UL16-binding protein 2 as a prognostic and immunotherapy biomarker for colorectal cancer.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Article
- Structures of liganded glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase illuminate GPI-AP biogenesis.Nature communications · 2023Article
- CLPTM1L is a GPI-anchoring pathway component targeted by HCMV.The Journal of cell biology · 2023Article
- Role of Polymorphisms of NKG2D Receptor and Its Ligands in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Human Stem Cell Transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- PBRM1 and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthetic pathway promote tumor killing mediated by MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic lymphocytes.Science advances · 2020Article
- Eight immune-related genes predict survival outcomes and immune characteristics in breast cancer.Aging · 2020Article
- NKG2D Ligands-Critical Targets for Cancer Immune Escape and Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Anti-NKG2D mAb: A New Treatment for Crohn's Disease?International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- A short half-life of ULBP1 at the cell surface due to internalization and proteosomal degradation.Immunology and cell biology · 2016Article
- NKG2D- and T-cell receptor-dependent lysis of malignant glioma cell lines by human γδ T cells: Modulation by temozolomide and A disintegrin and metalloproteases 10 and 17 inhibitors.Oncoimmunology · 2016Article
- Glycosyl-Phosphatidyl-Inositol (GPI)-Anchors and Metalloproteases: Their Roles in the Regulation of Exosome Composition and NKG2D-Mediated Immune Recognition.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2016Review
- Extracellular Mipp1 Activity Confers Migratory Advantage to Epithelial Cells during Collective Migration.Cell reports · 2015Article
- NKG2D Receptor and Its Ligands in Host Defense.Cancer immunology research · 2015Review
- PRL-3 mediates the protein maturation of ULBP2 by regulating the tyrosine phosphorylation of HSP60.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Regulation of ligands for the NKG2D activating receptor.Annual review of immunology · 2013Review
- Article
- Human NKG2D-ligands: cell biology strategies to ensure immune recognition.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The activating immune receptor NKG2D binds to several stress-induced ligands that are structurally different. MHC-class-I-related chain (MIC) A/B molecules have a transmembrane domain, whereas most UL16 binding proteins (ULBPs) are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked molecules. The significance of this variability in membrane anchors is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ULBP2, but not ULBP1 or ULBP3, can reach the cell surface without the GPI modification. Several proteins are expressed at the cell surface as both transmembrane and GPI-linked molecules, either via alternative splicing or by the expression of linked genes. However, to our knowledge, ULBP2 is the first single mammalian cDNA that can be expressed as either a transmembrane or a GPI-anchored protein. The rate of maturation and the levels of cell surface expression of the non-GPI-linked form were lower than those of the GPI-linked ULBP2. Nonetheless, non-GPI ULBP2 was recognised by NKG2D and triggered NK cell cytotoxicity. These data show that differences in membrane attachment by NKG2D ligands are more important for regulation of their surface expression than for cytotoxic recognition by NKG2D and emphasise that detailed characterisation of the cell biology of individual NKG2D ligands will be necessary to allow targeted modulation of this system.
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Registered trials
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