ArticleThe American journal of pathology2011
Bile acids induce inflammatory genes in hepatocytes: a novel mechanism of inflammation during obstructive cholestasis.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 277 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
277 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 495 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dysregulation of serum bile acids in liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Pooled it
- Alterations in Circulating Bile Acids in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomolecules · 2023Pooled it
- Predictive value of serum bile acids as metabolite biomarkers for liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2022Pooled it
- Circulating Profiles of the Bile Acid Metabolomics in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treated With Metformin or Canagliflozin.Pharmacotherapy · 2026Trial
- MAIT cell activation in adolescents is impacted by bile acid concentrations and body weight.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Bile acids as a "new hormone" in aging-related liver disease.Life medicine · 2026Review
- Dysregulated bile acid metabolism impairs intestinal barrier integrity via defective GPBAR1 signaling in low-birth-weight suckling piglet.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in the Epigenetic Regulation of Redox Homeostasis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Slippery dopamine-fluoropolymer hybrid surface for improving biliary stent longevity.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Prediagnostic Plasma Metabolite Profiles and Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Maternal Serum SIRT1 Concentrations in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: Limited Diagnostic Utility in a Prospective Case-Control Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Resveratrol Alleviates Arsenic-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by Correcting SIRT1-Mediated Disorder of Hepatic Bile Acid Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Lactobacillus paragasseri LPG-9 reduces placental inflammation in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy by regulating TGR5 in mice.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Key genes and histopathological alterations in hepatic fibrogenesis after segmental cholestasis in weaned rats.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Pediatric Cholestatic Diseases in the Era of Ileal Bile Acid Transporter (IBAT) Inhibitors.Pediatric reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Polysaccharides from the root tubers ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Multiomics analysis elucidated the role of inflammatory response and bile acid metabolism disturbance in electric shock-induced liver injury in mice.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2026Article
- Synergistic toxicity in alcohol-associated liver disease and PFAS exposure.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Review
- Multifaceted roles of microbiota-derived deoxycholic acid in gastrointestinal cancers: from barrier disruption to therapeutic implications.Human cell · 2025Review
217 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to liver injury during cholestasis. The mechanism by which cholestasis initiates an inflammatory response in the liver, however, is not known. Two hypotheses were investigated in the present studies. First, activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), either by bacterial lipopolysaccharide or by damage-associated molecular pattern molecules released from dead hepatocytes, triggers an inflammatory response. Second, bile acids act as inflammagens, and directly activate signaling pathways in hepatocytes that stimulate production of proinflammatory mediators. Liver inflammation was not affected in lipopolysaccharide-resistant C3H/HeJ mice after bile duct ligation, indicating that Toll-like receptor 4 is not required for initiation of inflammation. Treatment of hepatocytes with bile acids did not directly cause cell toxicity but increased the expression of numerous proinflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and other proteins that influence immune cell levels and function. Up-regulation of several of these genes in hepatocytes and in the liver after bile duct ligation required early growth response factor-1, but not farnesoid X receptor. In addition, early growth response factor-1 was up-regulated in the livers of patients with cholestasis and correlated with levels of inflammatory mediators. These data demonstrate that Toll-like receptor 4 is not required for the initiation of acute inflammation during cholestasis. In contrast, bile acids directly activate a signaling network in hepatocytes that promotes hepatic inflammation during cholestasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.