Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21224028›Full record

ReviewAdvances in chronic kidney disease2011

Hypertension in diabetic nephropathy: epidemiology, mechanisms, and management.

Peter N Van Buren, Robert Toto

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Advances in chronic kidney disease, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
108citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

108 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Time in target range of systolic blood pressure and eGFR slope in patients with type 2 diabetes.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025
    Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Hypertension in Diabetes: Numbers or Outcomes?American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2026
    Review
  13. Observational
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Observational
  20. Article

48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Peter N Van BurenDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8523, USA.
Robert Toto

Funding

MENTORING PROGRAM FOR CLINICAL RESEARCHERS IN NEPHROLOGYK24DK002818 · NIDDK · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI TOTO, ROBERT DANIEL · 2001 to 2010
$1.5M
NIDDK NIH HHS K24 DK002818
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hypertension is highly prevalent in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of CKD and end-stage kidney disease in the United States. The etiology of hypertension in diabetic nephropathy involves mechanisms with multiple inter-related mediators that result in renal sodium reabsorption and peripheral vasoconstriction. The management of hypertension in these patients is focused on treatments that target these mediators. Clinical trials have established that drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system should be used as first-line agents on the basis of their ability to slow down progression of kidney disease and lower albuminuria. There is further interest into how the combination of drugs that inhibit this pathway at multiple steps will contribute further to the management of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. This article presents an updated review of the mechanisms involved in hypertension in patients with diabetic nephropathy. It also reviews the past clinical trials using single agents as therapeutics and the more recent trials involving novel drugs or drug combinations used to treat these patients. Retrospective analyses of multiple studies are included to better examine the significance of the currently proposed blood pressure targets for patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Indexed as

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsAntihypertensive AgentsCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetic NephropathiesDrug Therapy, CombinationHumansHypertensionMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsRenin-Angiotensin SystemRenin InhibitorsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsAntihypertensive AgentsMineralocorticoid Receptor AntagonistsRenin Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID21224028
PMCPMC3221014

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.