Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21223550›Full record

ArticleCritical care (London, England)2011

The dynamic pattern of end-tidal carbon dioxide during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: difference between asphyxial cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia cardiac arrest.

Katja Lah, Miljenko Križmarić, Stefek Grmec

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Critical care (London, England), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07431710 (Utilizing Artificial Intelligence to Optimize Chest Compression Region During Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation for Patients With Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest.), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07431710 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Utilizing Artificial Intelligence to Optimize Chest Compression Region During Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation for Patients With Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest.

TypeobservationalSponsorFar Eastern Memorial HospitalRan2025 to 2027Enrolled255ConditionsOut-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA), Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), Aortic Valve Compression, Precision ResuscitationArmsDevice: AI-Enhanced Arterial Waveform Monitor (AIR-CPR App), AI-Guided Chest Compression Repositioning, Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Katja LahCenter for Emergency Medicine Maribor, Cesta proletarskih brigad 21, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Miljenko Križmarić
Stefek Grmec
Izobraževalni Center Piramida Maribor · SI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPartial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) correlates with cardiac output and consequently has a prognostic value in CPR. In our previous study we confirmed that initial PetCO2 value was significantly higher in asphyxial arrest than in ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VF/VT) cardiac arrest. In this study we sought to evaluate the pattern of PetCO2 changes in cardiac arrest caused by VF/VT and asphyxial cardiac arrest in patients who were resuscitated according to new 2005 guidelines.

methodsThe study included two cohorts of patients: cardiac arrest due to asphyxia with initial rhythm asystole or pulseless electrical activity (PEA), and cardiac arrest due to arrhythmia with initial rhythm VF or pulseless VT. PetCO2 was measured for both groups immediately after intubation and repeatedly every minute, both for patients with or without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We compared the dynamic pattern of PetCO2 between groups.

resultsBetween June 2006 and June 2009 resuscitation was attempted in 325 patients and in this study we included 51 patients with asphyxial cardiac arrest and 63 patients with VF/VT cardiac arrest. The initial values of PetCO2 were significantly higher in the group with asphyxial cardiac arrest (6.74 ± 4.22 kilopascals (kPa) versus 4.51 ± 2.47 kPa; P = 0.004). In the group with asphyxial cardiac arrest, the initial values of PetCO2 did not show a significant difference when we compared patients with and without ROSC (6.96 ± 3.63 kPa versus 5.77 ± 4.64 kPa; P = 0.313). We confirmed significantly higher initial PetCO2 values for those with ROSC in the group with primary cardiac arrest (4.62 ± 2.46 kPa versus 3.29 ± 1.76 kPa; P = 0.041). A significant difference in PetCO2 values for those with and without ROSC was achieved after five minutes of CPR in both groups. In all patients with ROSC the initial PetCO2 was again higher than 1.33 kPa.

conclusionsThe dynamic pattern of PetCO2 values during out-of-hospital CPR showed higher values of PetCO2 in the first two minutes of CPR in asphyxia, and a prognostic value of initial PetCO2 only in primary VF/VT cardiac arrest. A prognostic value of PetCO2 for ROSC was achieved after the fifth minute of CPR in both groups and remained present until final values. This difference seems to be a useful criterion in pre-hospital diagnostic procedures and attendance of cardiac arrest.

Indexed as

Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationAgedAsphyxiaCarbon DioxideFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOut-of-Hospital Cardiac ArrestPartial PressurePractice Guidelines as TopicPrognosisProspective StudiesTachycardia, VentricularTidal VolumeTreatment OutcomeCarbon Dioxide

Identifiers

PMID21223550
PMCPMC3222045
OpenAlexW2167264015

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.