Evidence map›Paper›PMID 21222555›Full record

ArticleUpsala journal of medical sciences2011

Critical diaphragm failure in sudden infant death syndrome.

Pontus Max Axel Siren, Matti Juhani Siren

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Upsala journal of medical sciences, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Diaphragm in sudden unexpected infant and fetal death.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026
    Article
  2. Forgotten muscle: diaphragm and sudden infant death syndrome.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026
    Article
  3. Reducing the risk of sudden unexpected infant death: the caffeine hypothesis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. SIDS-CDF hypothesis revisited: explaining hypoxia in SIDS.Upsala journal of medical sciences · 2016
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. The SIDS--critical diaphragm failure hypothesis revisited.Upsala journal of medical sciences · 2013
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Pontus Max Axel SirenJGK Memorial Research Library, Snellmanin k 15, 00170, Helsinki, Finland. pontusmax@hotmail.com
Matti Juhani Siren
Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death in infants between the ages of 1 and 12 months in developed countries. SIDS is by definition a diagnosis of exclusion, and its mechanism of action is unknown. The SIDS-Critical Diaphragm Failure (CDF) hypothesis postulates that the cause of death in SIDS is respiratory failure caused by CDF. Four principal risk factors contribute to CDF in young infants: undeveloped respiratory muscles, non-lethal infections, prone resting position, and REM sleep. Even relatively minor infections can cause an acute and significant reduction in diaphragm force generation capacity that in conjunction with other risk factors can precipitate CDF. CDF-induced acute muscle weakness leaves few, if any pathological marks on the affected tissue.Understanding the underlying mechanism of SIDS may help in formulating new approaches to child care that can help to further reduce the incidence of SIDS.

Indexed as

Bacterial InfectionsDiaphragmHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMelatoninMitochondriaRisk FactorsSleepSudden Infant DeathMelatonin

Identifiers

PMID21222555
PMCPMC3078540
OpenAlexW2137657450

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.