Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2011
Consistency of perceptual and metabolic responses to a laboratory-based simulated 4,000-m cycling time trial.
Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Maltodextrin-Based Carbohydrate Oral Rinsing and Exercise Performance: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of caffeine as an ergogenic aid in multiple cycling time trials.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Trial
- The Effects of a Novel Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion System on Repeated 4 km Cycling Time Trial Performance in Well-Trained Male Cyclists.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Trial
- Effects of ischemic preconditioning on economy, VOEuropean journal of applied physiology · 2018Trial
- The effect of acute taurine ingestion on 4-km time trial performance in trained cyclists.Amino acids · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Effect of time of day on performance, hormonal and metabolic response during a 1000-M cycling time trial.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Caffeine alters anaerobic distribution and pacing during a 4000-m cycling time trial.PloS one · 2013Trial
- The Relationship between Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Cycling Performance: Insights from Hypoxia and Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Effect of protocol on peak power output in continuous incremental cycle exercise tests.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Article
- Post-exercise Cold Water Immersion Does Not Improve Subsequent 4-km Cycling Time-Trial Compared With Passive and Active Recovery in Normothermia.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
- Pharmacological attenuation of group III/IV muscle afferents improves endurance performance when oxygen delivery to locomotor muscles is preserved.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2019Article
- Deception of cycling distance on pacing strategies, perceptual responses, and neural activity.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2019Article
- Mental fatigue does not alter performance or neuromuscular fatigue development during self-paced exercise in recreationally trained cyclists.European journal of applied physiology · 2018Article
- Lack of a Dose Response from 7 Days of Ischemic Preconditioning in Moderately trained Cyclists.Sports medicine international open · 2018Article
- Deception Improves Time Trial Performance in Well-trained Cyclists without Augmented Fatigue.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2018Article
- The Reproducibility of 4-km Time Trial (TT) Performance Following Individualised Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation: a Randomised Controlled Trial in Trained Cyclists.Sports medicine - open · 2017Article
- Familiarization Protocol Influences Reproducibility of 20-km Cycling Time-Trial Performance in Novice Participants.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although pacing-related research is widely reported, no studies have described the consistency of pacing strategies or their associated energetic contributions. This study aimed to investigate the consistency of pacing and energetic outlay by establishing the typical within and between trial variations during simulated 4,000 m time trials. Fifteen well-trained male cyclists performed three, 4,000 m time trials with 3-7 days separating each trial. Power output, cadence, heart rate, respiratory exchange and iEMG of the vastus lateralis were recorded continuously throughout each trial. To examine within-trial variability, the data were assigned to 10% bins. Rating of perceived exertion and affective response were recorded every 400 m and a capillary blood sample was collected and assayed for blood lactate concentration every 800 m. Mean typical error across trials 1-3 for all variables was low (range 2.1-6.3%) and lower between trials 2-3 for all variables with the exception of cadence. There were no between-trial differences in pacing strategy; however, typical error for each 10% bin was lower between trials 2-3 than trials 1-2. Anaerobic contribution to power was greatest during the first and last 10% of each trial (p > 0.05). In conclusion, well-trained cyclists demonstrated a high degree of consistency in terms of the pacing strategy they adopted which coincided with similar levels of energy distribution and perceived exertion. A laboratory simulated 4-km cycling trial is a reliable test that may be used to monitor performance and pacing strategy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
21222130What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.