ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2012
Hydroxychloroquine: from malaria to autoimmunity.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04341441 (Will Hydroxychloroquine Impede or Prevent COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 259 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Will Hydroxychloroquine Impede or Prevent COVID-19: WHIP COVID-19 Study
Who cites it
259 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 609 citations in OpenAlex.
- Old and emerging therapies for childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD): a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Non-genetic risk factors of miscarriage: a comprehensive umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- Hydroxychloroquine-Chloroquine, QT-Prolongation, and Major Adverse Cardiac Events: A Meta-analysis and Scoping Review.The Annals of pharmacotherapy · 2024Pooled it
- Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19 story: is the low-dose treatment the missing link? A comprehensive review and meta-analysis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Nanoparticles as an effective drug delivery system in COVID-19.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2021Pooled it
- Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for prevention and treatment of COVID-19.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses evaluating positive and negative outcomes of Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine therapy.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine in patients with chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy: a multicenter randomized study (HYPIC trial).BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Design of the Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes (HERO) research platform.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Trial
- Mechanistic perspectives on antimalarial agents: from FDA-approved drugs to next-generation candidates.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Composite of Babassu Starch, Carbon Black, and Cobalt Phthalocyanine for the Detection of Hydroxychloroquine.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Synthesis of Antimicrobial Quinoline Derivatives Enabled by Synergistic Pd/Enamine Catalysis: Experimental and Computational Study.Precision chemistry · 2026Article
- cGAS-IFN-I responses by extracting nuclear DNA from dying cells via nucleocytosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Lymphocyte signal transduction defects in cutaneous sarcoidosis and implications for treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Investigation of the effects of hydroxychloroquine on rats with pulmonary contusion caused by blunt thoracic trauma.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2026Article
- Biomass-derived activated carbon fromRSC advances · 2025Article
- The effect of Hippophae rhamnoides on Hydroxychloroquine-Induced stomatitis in rats.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Article
- Chloroquine Overcomes Chemotherapy Resistance and Suppresses Cancer Metastasis by Eradicating Dormant Cancer Cells.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Design, synthesis, and anti-plasmodial profiling of oxalamide-linked 4-aminoquinoline-phthalimide hybrids.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
199 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Quinine was first recognized as a potent antimalarial agent hundreds of years ago. Since then, the beneficial effects of quinine and its more advanced synthetic forms, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, have been increasingly recognized in a myriad of other diseases in addition to malaria. In recent years, antimalarials were shown to have various immunomodulatory effects, and currently have an established role in the management of rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases, and in the treatment of chronic Q fever. Lately, additional metabolic, cardiovascular, antithrombotic, and antineoplastic effects of antimalarials were shown. In this review, we discuss the known various immunomodulatory mechanisms of antimalarials and the current evidence for their beneficial effects in various diseases and in potential novel applications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.